Transcript Document

IGBP ICSU
IGFA
CEOS
WCRP
WMO
GOOS
UNESCO
GCOS
GTOS
FAO
IOC
UNEP
APPROVED
GEOHAZARDS
OCEANS
WATER
CARBON
COASTAL
Atm. Chem.
UNDER DEVELOPMENT
CRYOSPHERE
LAND COVER
CONSIDERED
HEALTH
GEODESY
CliC and observations
• One of main goals of the project is to develop cryospheric
observations
• What needs to be observed, why and how
• Who is capable to making the required observations
• Who will pay for this?
• How to ensure that needed observations form datasets of
required quality and duration?
• How to access the observations and datasets?
• How to sustain observing systems?
We need an strategy for cryospheric observations,
which would be approved by funders
IGOS Theme Development Steps
• An idea for IGOS-P to consider covering an
important domain in Earth observations - Approved by
IGOSP-11, Rome, Italy, 27 May 2004
• Preparation of Report
(analysis of requirements, identification of gaps, search for
solutions, working out recommendations, identification of
needed actions, preparation of implementation timeline)
• Approved Report
• Implementation
IGOS-Cryo Writing Team Composition
• Chair – Jeff Key, NOAA/NESDIS, USA
Vice-Chairs – Mark Drinkwater, ESA, The Netherlands
Jinro Ukita, Chiba University, Japan
• Groups:
– CliC (Barry Goodison, Vladimir Ryabinin, Victoria Lytle)
– SCAR (Marzena Kaczmarska, Colin Summerhayes)
• Current contributors: 54 total
– Countries: USA (19), Canada (13), Norway (6), Austria (2),
Switzerland (3), UK (2), Netherlands (1), Finland (1), Germany
(2), Italy (1), China (1), Japan (1), Australia (1), Russia (1)
– Topical areas: sea ice (13), lake and river ice (2), ice sheets, ice
caps, and glaciers (10), snow (6), permafrost and frozen ground
(3), precipitation (3), polar climate (2), data management (4),
buoys (2)
Workshops
• 1st IGOS-Cryo Workshop,
Kananaskis, Canada, 2-4 March
2005, supported by CSA, 22
participants
• 2nd IGOS-Cryo Workshop,
Yokohama, Japan, 24-25 April 2006,
supported by JAXA and JAMSTEC,
hosted by JAMSTEC, 36 participants
Cryosphere satellite missions:
Lake - Ice
Observations
(as an in situ
example)
LIAG
1950
n = 145
Courtesy Claude Duguay
Lake - Ice
Observations
LIAG
1970
n = 234
(Number of sites reporting
ice observations)
Courtesy Claude Duguay
Lake - Ice
Observations
LIAG
1990
n = 132
Courtesy Claude Duguay
Lake - Ice
Observations
LIAG
1995
n = 87
Courtesy Claude Duguay
Lake - Ice
Observations
CID
2000
n=4
Courtesy Claude Duguay
Way forward
• Need to build, as much as possible, a consensus between
the users and observation/ data providers (on requirements
and their feasibility).
• We are going to open the draft report and all
recommendations for a review by the whole cryospheric
community, insist on having input from major groups and
update the requirements and recommendations in the
report
• in parallel we will systematically approach all major
involved Themes and programs: GCOS, GOOS, GTOS,
WMO GSN, CEOS, GEOSS, etc. etc. – the way forward
has to be agreed and the Theme must be owned by these
partners.
Already Achieved Impact
of the Cryosphere Theme
Improved coverage of cryospheric elements in the GCOS
Implementation Plan (autumn 2004) – at the Theme initial phase
Work with GEO, GCOS SC, OOPC, GTOS – increased awareness
Contribution to GCOS-CEOS Report on Satellite based products for
UNFCCC (2006)
Activity Recommendations for GEO 2006-07 Work Plan
Contributions to IPY planning (multiple projects)
Support to CryoSat-2, re-launch 2009
ESA Earth Observation Programme Board meeting 18.05.2006:
• "Assessment Studies" for six new mission concepts - included in
these six missions is the "CoreH2O“ (snow hydrology) mission,
• possibility of secondary cryospheric objective on BIOMASS mission
Approximate Timeline
• Initial report and all recommendations finalised
mid-Sep 2006
• Initial IGOS Cryosphere Theme Report made open to review
by the wide cryospheric community
end Oct 2006
• Review of the input and recommendations by the Team at the third
Theme workshop, ESTEC/ESA, Noordwijk
mid-Oct 2006
• Incorporation of the open review results into the Report
Oct-Nov 2006
• Discussion of the report and recommendations with relevant
international bodies (WMO, WCRP, CEOS SIT, GEOSS, GCOS, IGOS
Themes, etc., etc.)
Dec 2006
A Small Sample of Recommendations
In Situ Observations:
• A central international archive (e.g. global lake ice monitoring network) or several regional archives (part of the network) are
needed.
• A set of target regions and lakes/rivers for future long-term monitoring needs to be identified.
• The reactivation of existing lake ice or river ice sites or the addition of new observation sites, through the establishment of networks
of volunteers and with schools must be encouraged.
• Increase the number of permafrost temperature, active layer, and seasonal freezing sites to include under represented areas in both
hemispheres.
• Upgrade sites to include automated data loggers, remote data acquisition and instrumentation for collection of ancillary climate data
including snow observations.
• Continue and expand meteorological measurements from AWS networks over ice sheets.
• Continue conventional point precipitation measurements against declining networks in many countries; sustain and enhance the
gauge network in the cold regions; develop guidelines on the minimum station density required for climate research studies on solid
precipitation in cold climate regions; …
Satellite Observations:
• A key requirement of future sensor systems for observing sea ice is continuation of the passive microwave record, with consistent
frequencies.
• The potential of passive microwave (and scatterometer) data to map ice cover (concentration and extent), open water, ice thickness,
and snow depth on ice on large lakes should be examined.
• Notwithstanding the success of the Radarsat-1 Antarctic Mapping Missions (AMM), a follow-on Antarctic missions with Radarsat-2
should be considered.
Research:
• Improved estimates of melt and freeze conditions, floe size distribution, lead statistics, pond area and albedo on a global scale are
required for validation and assimilation into models. Research is required to improve and validate algorithms, new sensors and data
fusion techniques.
• A comparison of conventional (surface-based) observations of freeze-up and break-up with satellite-derived time series, starting in
the 1970s-1980s with AVHRR data, is needed. This would ensure some continuity in the transition between the surface-based and
satellite observations (i.e. post 1980s when many of the lake/river ice sites were lost).
For More Information
http://stratus.ssec.wisc.edu/igos-cryo