Transcript Unit II: 600-1450 - Doral Academy Preparatory School

Unit II: 600-1450 C.E.
Big Picture Themes:
 Rebuilding of Declining Empires (“Post-Classical”)
 Rise & Spread of Islam
 “Centralized” VS. “Decentralized” Empires
 “Golden Age” of Nomads
 Increased Global Trade
1. Trade Patterns:
Long-distance trade: Silk Roads, Indian Ocean maritime system,
Trans-Saharan trade, Mediterranean Sea
“Pax Mongolia”: during Mongol Empire trade flourished
2. Changes:
- Feudalism
- Religious empires
- Decentralized states
- Nomadic migrations
(Turks, Vikings & Mongols)
3. Continuities:
- Religions spread
- Trade routes grow
- Patriarchal gender roles
4. Tech. & Migrations
Inventions: compass, improved ships, GUNPOWDER
Migrations: Bantus, Turks, Mongols, Vikings
Diseases: Plague spreads…missionaries, nomads, traders
5. Social systems & religion
1. Patriarchal systems
2. Universal religions: Buddhism, Christianity & Islam spread
6. New Empires
Feudal Europe
Mongols
Dar-al Islam
Tang and
Song China
1. Centralized empires: Byzantine, Arab Caliphates, Tang & Song
2. Decentralized states: W. Europe & Japan (feudalism)
3. The Mongols
China: Tang & Song Dynasties
Political Features:
• centralized rule
• Confucian bureaucracy
(civil service exams)
•defeated by Mongols
Empress Wu:
1st female
Empress
The Tang at its peak, c.750
Song “Golden Age”:
Economic:
•Grand Canal: rice
•Urbanization
Cultural Features:
•Tang: anti-Buddhist backlash
Inventions:
GUNPOWDER
COMPASS
“JUNK” SHIP
MOVEABLE TYPE
The Song “Golden Age”
INVENTIONS:
Gunpowder & Rockets
Porcelain Chinaware
Compass
Moveable Type
Landscape art
Chinese junks
Rise & Spread of Islam: 600-1450
Beginnings:
• 610 C.E.: Prophet Muhammad in Mecca
Beliefs:
• Holy book – Qur’an
_____________
• “Five Pillars”:
1. ____________________________________
one god (Allah)
2. ________________________________________
Prayer (5x a day facing Mecca)
3. ________________________________________
Fasting (Ramadan)
Pilgrimage to Mecca (hajj)
4. ________________________________________
5. ________________________________________
Charity
Islam spread to
__________________
the Middle East,
__________________
N. Africa,
__________________
S. Asia
Split:
• Sunni: largest branch
• Shia: mostly Iran
Umayyad Caliphate
1st ISLAMIC EMPIRE
• highly centralized (Damascus)
•led by Caliphs
• spread Arabic
•Arabs dominated
•convert or pay tax
• Women gained some rights…but confined to “harem”
Golden Age of Islam
•Abbasid Caliphate: sciences, medicine,
math, astronomy, chemistry, literature
Which of the following is a major difference
between the classical periods in Rome and the
Islamic civilizations?
(A) While the Roman Empire fell as a result of internal
warfare, Islamic dynasties faced few internal divisions.
(B) While Roman society had strict social classes, Islam
was more egalitarian with fewer barriers to social
mobility.
(C) Islamic civilizations were more dependent on
agriculture.
(D) While Roman emperors were considered both secular
and religious leaders, the caliphs were secular rulers only.
Byzantine Empire (400’s-1453)
- “Eastern Roman Empire”
- Centralized
- Greek language
- E. Orthodox Christianity
- Capital: Constantinople
Byzantium during Justinian’s reign.
Empire divided in “themes”:
1. Local military leaders
Military
2. Land for military service
3. HUGE bureaucracy
Civil
Bureaucrats
Clergy
Emperor Justinian:
• Autocratic Rule
•Wife: Theodora
•United Empire – Justinian’s Code
Hagia Sophia, roads, public baths, mosaics
Decentralized States
1. Western Europe
2. Japan
Decentralized States
WESTERN EUROPE
Political:
- Feudalism
- Lords ruled locally
- Catholic Church
Economic:
- Serfdom
- Manoralism (farming)
Decentralized States
WESTERN EUROPE
Social:
- Nobility
-knight’s code (chivalry )
-Catholic Church
Japan
Political:
-bureaucracy: Confucian-like
The Rise of Feudalism:
-Shogun supreme...
- loyalties of local samurais
Japan
Cultural:
-traditional religion: Shinto
- rise of Zen Buddhism
- anti-Chinese during Heian
Period
Nomadic Empires
BIG THREE:
The Vikings
The Turks
The Mongols
Vikings (c. 800-1100)
• Ransacked Europe
• adopted Christianity
Nomadic Empires: The Vikings (c. 800-1100)
The Turks:
• Mercenaries
• Converted to Islam
• “Mamluk” slaves conquered Abbasid Caliphate
• in India began Muslim Delhi Sultanate
The Mongols:
• Genghis Khan unites
• horsemanship, archery, & terror
• LARGEST LAND EMPIRE EVER
Resist and die.
Submit
and live…pay tribute
Empire divided into Khanates
Khanate of the
Golden Horde
Chagatai
Khanate
Ilkhan
Khanate
Great
Khanate
Russia: Golden Horde
- local Princes in power
(at Novgorod)
-TRIBUTARY TAX COLLECTION
China: Yuan Dynasty
Middle East: Il-khante
- Kublai Khan
-centralized rule
- used local bureaucrats
- Confucianism outlawed
- TAX “FARMING”
- Chinese: lowest class
Pax Mongolia: The Mongol Peace
increase in trade & cultural interaction
Mongol Decline
1. Poor administrators
2.Overexpansion (Japanese failure)
3.Internal Rivalry
Africa
Ghana:
Mali:
– Trans-Saharan trade!
– gold & salt
– Conversion to Islam!
–
–
–
–
Gold & salt
Islamic
King Mansa Musa (hajj)
Ibn Battuta: the traveler
Mosque @ Timbuktu
Musa’s Hajj
Ibn Battuta
- 75,000 miles…across
Muslim world
-book: Travels of Ibn Battuta
Marco Polo
-traveled on Silk Roads
-lived w/ Yuan Dynasty
-brought paper money,
gunpowder to Europe
1. Which of the following is an example
of an event or situation between 600 and
1450 C.E. that helps to distinguish it as a
new period in world history?
a) The invasions of the Huns disrupted the former
Roman Empire as they attacked from the northeast.
b) Christianity was spread around the eastern
Mediterranean by Paul of Tarsus.
c) The Mongols invaded many areas of Eurasia and
formed the largest empire in world history.
d) Buddhism entered China for the first time and for
time supplanted Confucianism.
a
Marco Polo & Ibn Battuta
2. In the 9th century the Tang Dynasty
was weakened by considerable conflict
between
a) Buddhism and Shintoism
b) Shintoism and Hinduism
c) Confucianism and Hinduism
d) Buddhism and Confucianism
3. In the period between 500 and 1000 C.E.,
all of the following statements accurately
compare the eastern and western parts of
the former Roman Empire EXCEPT:
a) Christians in both areas were largely under the
control of the Pope.
b) In general the civilizations of the east were more
advanced economically and culturally than the west.
c) The east kept more aspects of the old Roman
civilization intact than did the west.
d) Both civilizations completely collapsed.
Christianity in Africa:
1. Egypt: Coptic
Christians
2. Ethiopia
Church of St. George, Ethiopia
East Africa:
“Swahili Coast”:
-Indian Ocean maritime trade
w/ Arabs
-“Swahili” trade language
-gold, slaves, ivory
Crusades:
• wars for “Holy Land”
• Christians & Muslims
• Turks win Jerusalem
Fight for the Holy Land…
European
Results:
• new goods & ideas
• increased trade
(Hanseatic League)
• DECLINE OF
FEUDALISM
• Florence: new banking
center
Portuguese “Spice” Trade
- Ottoman Turks: blocked European traders…
- Europeans: sea routes to the Indies
- 1400’s: Portugal explores Africa
-port entrepôts in Africa, India, China
Portuguese trade in China
Portuguese Spice Trade
The map above shows the voyages of Vasco Da Gama, who was able to
reach India by sea and gain access to the Spice Islands.
Spread of Disease:
Black Death:
- along Silk Roads
- entered Europe 1340’s
Buddhism Spread:
1. Mahayana Buddhism:
2. to C. & E. Asia
-Bodhisattva worship
3. Japan: Zen Buddhism
2. Theravada Buddhism:
-
to S.E. Asia