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Future Challenges in Aviation Psychology Manfred Barbarino Human Factors Domain Manager EUROCONTROL [email protected] European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation 1 20 years aviation 1993 EUROCONTROL About me … Human Factors Manager 2002 EAAP President 2 Scope We Future Today 3 Scope We Future Today 4 Key drivers for our work 80 % 2020+ 1960 Human Regulation Role 5 Automation Key Objectives Allocation Change Acceptance Technology Usability 6 Competence Error Management Key Objectives Allocation Change Acceptance Technology Usability 7 Competence Error Management Allocation of tasks and functions Task Functions Task Functions Human Machine Functions Task Functions Task 8 Key Objectives Allocation Change Acceptance Technology Usability 9 Competence Error Management Competence Selection 10 Training Licensing Key Objectives Capabilities Change Acceptance Technology Usability 11 Competence Error Management Error Management CRM TRM Prevention Error Analysis HERA 80 % Learning after Learning before CISM 12 LOSA NOSS Key Objectives Allocation Change Acceptance Technology Usability 13 Competence Error Management Human Factors Integration Process Stage 1 Fact Finding Stage 2 Issues Analysis Scope project from an HF Perspective Identify HF Issues & potential impacts Stage 3 Action Plan Develop HF Plan Stage 4 Action Implementation Stage 5 HF Case Review Implement HF Action Plan Review effectiveness of HF Case Process “HF Case - a process to systematically identify and manage HF issues throughout ATM projects.” 14 Human Factors Pie 15 Human Factors Impacts Acceptance Workload Cognitive Processes Comfort Trust Stress Error Skill Change Fatigue Situation Awareness 16 Job Satisfaction Motivation Key Objectives Allocation Change Acceptance Technology Usability 17 Competence Error Management Institutional Changes in ATM Reorganisation Merging ACCs NUAC DFS – Merging ACCs CEATS SES FABs 18 Change Acceptance Strategy & Plan Gain Acceptance Train & Develop Resources Create New Culture Current Future Situation Communicate & Involve 19 Key Objectives Allocation Change Acceptance Technology Usability 20 Competence Error Management Human Factors added value Errors and incidents Resistance to change Early Human Factors Integration Training time & costs 21 Implementation delays Redesign and retrofit Scope We Future Today 22 23 SESAR - a new ATM system in 2020+ 24 3x Capacity 3x Safety - 50% Costs - 10% Environment SESAR Evolution 2003 Airspace Users Airlines 25 2004 ANS Providers 2005 Airports 2006 to 2008 Associates Unions, R&D ----------- Supply Industry 2008 to 2013 EUROCONTROL SESAR Definition Phase Air Transport ATM Framework: Performance The Targets Current Situation 26 ATM Target Concept ATM ATM Deployment Master Plan Sequence Work Programme for 2008-2013 Likely changes for ATM operations Role More planning & monitoring Increased Automation Enhanced information advices & warnings Reliance, trust & system knowledge MTCD, ASAS, SWIM, CDM ATCO Less Uncertainty & Strategic Planning Increased Flexibility (air*ground)*(man*machine) separations & traffic mix 2D, 3D, 4D trajectories From “tactical intervention towards planning and intervention by exception” Source: SESAR M2 DLM 27 Human Factors Impacts Acceptance Workload Cognitive Processes Comfort Trust Stress Error Skill Change Fatigue Situation Awareness 28 Job Satisfaction Motivation SESAR Lessons: HF Strengths HF Network Management Awareness Body of Knowledge HF Strengths Visible Benefits 29 Operational Acceptance SESAR Lessons: HF Weaknesses Technology Bias Few HF Regulation Staff Shortage HF Weaknesses Measurable Benefits 30 HF Shortage Scope We Future Today 31 Future Key Issues What are the future key issues for Aviation Psychology and Human Factors ? Exercise: Work in groups: max. 3-5 issues 5 minutes One minute presentation of findings 32 Aviation Psychology & Human Factors Improvements Communication Get into the aviation development life cycle as early as possible Communication Understand and speak the language of your customers Communication Do not engage in academic debates in front of your customer Praise the work of colleagues and even competitors 33 You eventheuse Human Factors principles Do notcan reinvent wheel each time – learn form the past to improve your PowerPoint presentations ! Build and use networks – share, learn and build synergies Aviation Psychology & Human Factors Improvements Get into the aviation development life cycle as early as possible 34 Understand and speak the language of your customers Do not engage in academic debates in front of your customer Praise the work of colleagues and even competitors Do not reinvent the wheel each time – learn form the past Build and use networks – share, learn and build synergies Getting the message across Presenter Message 35 Audience Improvements Get in ASAP Build networks Use customer language Improving AP & HF Learn from past Use one Voice Praise others 36 EAAP – a network for Aviation Psychology 37 Website & Discussion Forum Conferences University Network Course Recognition Membership Administration Certifications Last but not least . . . 38