Transcript Echinoderms - University High School

Monday, April 20th, 2015
Pg. 130 RTW: Do you remember the
phylum Cnidaria? If so, what creatures
does it have?
• Objective:
– I will be able to cite examples and explain the
adaptations to the marine environment of the
invertebrate phyla: Echinodermata.
• Agenda:
– Foldable
– Echinodermata need to send me quiz for approval
• Homework:
– Fish Food Project
Marine Science
To create the foldable
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4 sheets of long paper
Stack them so they form layers (see mine)
Fold in the center and staple on the upper left
and upper right (see mine)
Labeling:
Title: Phylum Review
Flaps:
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1. Porifera
2. Arthropoda
3. Echinodermata
4. Cnidaria
5. Mollusca
6. Chordata
7. Chordata
In each flap
Note: 6. Chordata

7. Chordata
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Class Reptilia
Class Mammalia / Class Actinopterygii
(osteichthyes)
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Top Half: Examples
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Bottom Half:
/ Class Aves
 General Characteristics
 Diagram
 Reproduction
/ Class Chondrichthyes
Foldable Cnidarian Information
1. Examples: Jellyfish, corals, Man-oWar, box jellies.
 Classes:
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Class Hydrozoa
Class Scyphozoa
Class Anthozoa
Class Cubozoa
Reproduction: Sexual and asexual
(budding)
Jellyfish Life Cycle
Foldable Cnidarian Information
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General characteristics:
 Have stingers with nematocysts
 No eyes, heart, lungs or nervous system (can
detect light changes)
 Radially symmetrical
 Carnivores
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Diagram:
 Draw an example of each of the following:
 Hydrozoan, Scyphozoan, Cubozoan, Anthrozoan
Tuesday, April 21st, 2015
Pg. 130 RTW: What is one
characteristic of Cnidarians?
• Objective:
– I will be able to cite examples and explain the
adaptations to the marine environment of the
invertebrate phyla: Echinodermata.
• Agenda:
– Echinodermata foldable & notes
– Echinodermata group be ready to present tomorrow!
– Porifera group send digital documents by today!
• Homework:
– Fish Food Project
Echinoderm Foldable
Examples:
 Class Asteroidea: sea stars
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 Subclass Ophiuroidea: brittle stars
Class Echinodea: sea urchin and sand
dollars
 Class Holothuroidea: sea cucumbers
 Class Crinoidea: feather stars, sea lilies
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Echinoderm Foldable
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General Characteristics:
 (Most) Have a water vascular system for
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movement.
Tube feet for attachment & locomotion
One-way digestion : separate mouth and
anus
Skin covered in bumps
External fertilization
Some have the ability to regenerate
Echinoderm Foldable
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Diagrams: Draw an example of each of
the classes.
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Reproduction: Sexual and fertilization
happens externally.
Phylum Echinodermata
Include
sea stars, sea
urchins, sea cucumbers
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Have radial symmetry based on 5 parts
(similar parts surrounding central axis)
Planktonic larvae has bilateral symmetry
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Considered to have oral/aboral sides, NOT
dorsal/ventral
Body Structure
Have a water vascular systemwater filled canals
Tube feet-muscular
extensions of these canals
usually end in suckers used
for attachment & locomotion
Ampullae-muscular
sacs that
sometimes fill tube feet with
water
Madreporite-connects vascular
system to outside on aboral (top)
surface
Also has gonads & digestive
system
No heart, brain or eyes
Complete
digestive tractstomach, digestive gland &
anus
Endoskeleton-covered by a
thin layer of tissue
Surface covered with bumps
& spines giving them their
name-”spiny skinned”
(echinodermata)
Five classes
 1)sea
stars
 Class: Asteroidea
 2)brittle
stars
 Class: Asteroidea
 Subclass:Ophiuroidea
 3)sea
urchins &
sand dollars
 Class: Echinoidea
 4)sea
cucumbers
 Class:
Holothuroidea
http://www.youtube.com/w
atch?v=iSA09qg2BMY&featu
re=related&safety_mode=tr
ue&persist_safety_mode=1&
safe=active
 5)feather
 Crinoidea
stars & sea lilies
Sea stars (starfish)
5
arms to 50
Most are
predatory- bivalves, snails,
barnacle, etc.
Sunflower Star
http://www.youtube.com/wa
v=ALaMoS_vvNE&safety_mod
rue&persist_safety_mode=1&
Cushion Star
Brittle Stars
 Arms
very long & flexible
-tube feet lack suckers
 Eat particles of
organic matter
passed from feet to mouth
 More species than
any other group of
echinoderms
Basket Star (Brittle Star)
Brittle Stars
Sea Urchins & Sand Dollars
 Filter
feed on drifting
plant/animals
 Deposit feeders
that live on bottoms
using tube feet
lined with mucus to
pick up particles
Sea Urchins
Sand Dollars
Sea Cucumbers
 Wormlike, lack spines
 Tube feet around
mouth reach
out and pick up
organic material
 Escapes by
ejecting digestive
system distracting
predators
/video.nationalgeographic.
ideo/kids/animals-petsnvertebrates-kids/seamber-kids/
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v
=aCxKFc3XtJs&safety_mode=true&
persist_safety_mode=1&safe=activ
e
Sea Cucumber
Feather stars & Sea lilies
5
to 200 arms
due to the
branching
 Mucus helps
in catching food
 Some attach to
bottom, some crawl
on surfaces in
shallow to deep water
Feather
Stars (no
Stalks
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7V_px48d
ob8&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode
=1&safe=active
Sea Lilies
(with Stalks)
Biology
 Sexes
are separate in most
echinoderms
 External fertilization
 Spawning occurs at once to
increase survival
Echinoderms
can use
regeneration to replace
missing parts
In some sea stars a severed
arm can grow into a complete
individual
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rE8lKFQlhY&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mo
de=1&safe=active
Wednesday, April 22nd, 2015
No RTW (HAPPY EARTH DAY!):
Echinodermata group be ready to
present when the bell rings!
• Objective:
– I will be able to cite examples and explain the
adaptations to the marine environment of the
invertebrate phyla: Echinodermata.
• Agenda:
– Echinodermata group’s presentation!
• Homework:
– Fish Food Project
Thursday, April 23rd , 2015
Pg. 130 RTW: What is one thing you
learned about echinodermata?
• Objective:
– I will be able to cite examples and explain the
adaptations to the marine environment of the
invertebrate phyla: Porifera.
• Agenda:
– Porifera Foldable & Notes
– Porifera/Annelida group be ready to present
tomorrow!
• Homework:
– Fish Food Project
Porifera Foldable Information
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Examples:
 Variety of shapes, colors and sizes
 Oldest known animal fossils
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General Characteristics:
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Sessile
Filter feeders
Lack nervous system and organs
Wide variety of habitats: fresh, salt, cold or
warm water.
Porifera Foldable
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Diagram and Label:
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Reproduction: Sexual and Asexual
(including self fertilization)
phylum Porifera
Sponges are one of the oldest known animal
fossils
 Variety of colors & shapes
 Lack nervous system & organs
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Feeding & Diet
Sessile
 Sponges receive food & oxygen by water
passing through its pores
 The sponge can control the amount of water
by constricting or dilating its pores
 Bacteria is filtered from the water for food
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A non-toxic yellow dye
has been squirted
around the base of a
purple tube sponge in
the Caribbean.
The dye is pumped out
through the osculum at
the top of the sponge.
Ostia- small pores where water/food enters
the sponge
 Osculum- Large hole where water & waste
exits
 Collar cells- traps, ingests & digests food
 Amebocytes- transport to cells
 Because the cells of the sponge are in direct
contact with the water gas exchange occurs
across cell membrane as the water flow
through the sponge. In O2 - Out CO2
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Flagella-beat water causing it to
flow in & out of sponge
Amebocytes- helps in digestion
Sexual Reproduction
Sponges may be male or female or have both
organs
 By releasing egg/sperm at different times it
inhibits self fertilization
 Adult sponges release sperm into water to be
taken up by sponges for fertilization
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Spawning
Sponge
New sponges may develop if a piece of the
sponge breaks off- Regeneration (Asexual)
1938- Key West
Sponge Capital Of the World
In the 1900’s thousands were employed to
harvest the bath sponge for commercial use
 Now synthetic sponges have replaced
natural sponges
 Sponges are found in a variety of habitats
 Fresh/salt water
 Cold/tropical waters
 May be composed of hard calcium carbonate
or silica
 Or spongin, elastic framework of protein
fibers
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Marine Worms
Characteristics of Marine
Worms
Have nephridia (water regulating tubule)
as part of the excretory system, a heart,
and sometimes jaws.
 They show metamerism (division of
body in repeating blocks or segments)
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Special Attributes
More than 15,000 species!
 Most of the marine worms are in the
Class Polychaeta including:
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 Tubeworms
 Bristleworms
 Spongeworms
 Fireworms
Friday, April 24th , 2015
NO RTW: Porifera/Annelida group be
ready to present when the bell rings!
• Objective:
– I will be able to cite examples and explain the
adaptations to the marine environment of the
invertebrate phyla: Porifera.
• Agenda:
– Porifera/Annelida group’s presentation
– Arthropoda group send digital documents by today!
• Homework:
– Fish Food Project