Transcript The Interpersonal Communicatin Book 11th Ed.

This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law:
any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network;
preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images;
any rental, lease, or lending of the program.
CH 2: Culture and Interpersonal Communication (slide 1)
Copyright © 2013, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Chapter 2: Culture and
Interpersonal Communication
Culture consists of the relatively specialized
lifestyle of a group of people that is passed on
from one generation to the next through
communication.
 Includes everything the group has produced: values,
ways of behaving, artifacts
 Not genetic (like eye color)
CH 2: Culture and Interpersonal Communication (slide 2)
Copyright © 2013, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Culture
 Enculturation – How you learn the culture of
your birth
 Ethnic identity – A commitment to the beliefs
and philosophy of your culture
 Acculturation – The process of learning the
rules and norms of a culture that you move
to
CH 2: Culture and Interpersonal Communication (slide 3)
Copyright © 2013, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Culture (cont.)
 Relevance of a cultural perspective





Demographic changes
Sensitivity to cultural differences
Economic and political interdependence
Spread of technology
IPC is culture specific
 Aim of a cultural perspective
CH 2: Culture and Interpersonal Communication (slide 4)
Copyright © 2013, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Culture (cont.)
1. Individualist vs. collectivist orientation
Individualist cultures value the individual over
group
 Power and achievement
 Responsible for self and immediate family
 Stand out from the crowd
CH 2: Culture and Interpersonal Communication (slide 5)
Copyright © 2013, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Cultural Differences
1. Individualist vs. collectivist orientation
Collectivist cultures value the group over the
individual
 Benevolence, tradition and conformity
 Responsible for entire group
 Take pride in similarity to other group members
CH 2: Culture and Interpersonal Communication (slide 6)
Copyright © 2013, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Cultural Differences (cont.)
2. High- vs. low-context cultures
High-context cultures assume information is known
by everyone
 Information is implied rather than stated up front
 Places high emphasis on relationships
CH 2: Culture and Interpersonal Communication (slide 7)
Copyright © 2013, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Cultural Differences (cont.)
2. High- vs. low-context cultures
Low-context cultures value up front and direct
communication
 Information is stated explicitly and up front
 Places less emphasis on relationships
High context cultures are usually collectivist
cultures
CH 2: Culture and Interpersonal Communication (slide 8)
Copyright © 2013, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Cultural Differences (cont.)
3. Power distance cultures
High- power-distance cultures have a gap between
people who have power and people who don’t
 Great distance between those with power and those
without
 Power is concentrated in the hands of a few
CH 2: Culture and Interpersonal Communication (slide 9)
Copyright © 2013, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Cultural Differences (cont.)
3. Power distance cultures
Low- power-distance cultures have little gap
between people who have power and people who
don’t
 Minimal distance between those with power and
those without
 Power is distributed throughout the citizenry
CH 2: Culture and Interpersonal Communication (slide 10)
Copyright © 2013, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Cultural Differences (cont.)
4. Masculine vs. feminine cultures – describes
a culture’s focus on achievement vs.
nurturing
Masculine cultures value aggressiveness, material
success, strength, emphasizes traditional gender
roles.
CH 2: Culture and Interpersonal Communication (slide 11)
Copyright © 2013, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Cultural Differences (cont.)
4. Masculine vs. feminine cultures – describes
a culture’s focus on achievement vs.
nurturing
Feminine cultures value modesty, relationships,
quality of life, tenderness
CH 2: Culture and Interpersonal Communication (slide 12)
Copyright © 2013, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Cultural Differences (cont.)
5. Ambiguity tolerant cultures
High-ambiguity tolerant cultures feel comfortable
or can have a high tolerance for ambiguous or
uncertain situations
 Require minimal communication rules
 Tolerate individuality
CH 2: Culture and Interpersonal Communication (slide 13)
Copyright © 2013, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Cultural Differences (cont.)
5. Ambiguity tolerant cultures
Low-ambiguity tolerant cultures feel uncomfortable
or can have a low tolerance for ambiguous or
uncertain situations
 Create strict rules for communicating
 Create highly structured and ritualized interactions
CH 2: Culture and Interpersonal Communication (slide 14)
Copyright © 2013, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Cultural Differences (cont.)
6. Short term and long term orientation
cultures
Short term orientation cultures spend resources on
present goals and want quick results
Long term orientation cultures focus on future
rewards
CH 2: Culture and Interpersonal Communication (slide 15)
Copyright © 2013, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Cultural Differences (cont.)
7. Indulgence and restraint cultures – defines
life along two dimensions
Life control - freedom freedom to do as you please
or to have control over your life
Leisure - how much leisure time or fun time you
have
CH 2: Culture and Interpersonal Communication (slide 16)
Copyright © 2013, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Cultural Differences (cont.)
7. Indulgence and restraint cultures
Indulgence cultures have high life control and high
leisure; are generally happy
Restraint cultures have low life control and low
leisure; are generally unhappy
CH 2: Culture and Interpersonal Communication (slide 17)
Copyright © 2013, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Cultural Differences (cont.)
1.Educate yourself
2.Recognize differences
 Between yourself and the culturally different
 Within the culturally different group
 Differences in meaning
CH 2: Culture and Interpersonal Communication (slide 18)
Copyright © 2013, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Principles for Effective
Intercultural Communication
3.Confront your stereotypes
4.Adjust your communication to the other
person (accommodation)
5.Reduce your ethnocentrism
CH 2: Culture and Interpersonal Communication (slide 19)
Copyright © 2013, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Principles for Effective
Intercultural Communication (cont.)
Stage 1: The Honeymoon
 Fascination and enchantment
Stage 2: The Crisis
 Frustration, inadequacy; actual “shock” stage
CH 2: Culture and Interpersonal Communication (slide 20)
Copyright © 2013, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Stages of Culture Shock
Stage 3: The Recovery
 Learn skills, language, new ways; shock subsides
Stage 4: The Adjustment
 Enjoy new culture; periodic difficulties
CH 2: Culture and Interpersonal Communication (slide 21)
Copyright © 2013, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Stages of Culture Shock (cont.)