NAVI Capital Management

Energy solutions for the clear future

Photovoltaics: is it time to forget about silicon?

Alexander Malakhov NAVI Capital Management Business development manager [email protected]

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Market overview: crystalline silicon has about 80% market share

100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 Organic and high concentrated Other thin film technologies (CIGS, CdTe) Thin film amorphous silicon Crystalline silicon

But crystalline silicon approaches its efficiency limit

Now we have 23,2% efficiency What is the limit of efficiency?

26% is the limit for crystalline silicon

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ANY SUBSTITUTES?

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MAY BE THIN FILM MODULES?

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The answer is “no”

Why not?

Best thin film modules (CdTe, CIGS) have theoretical efficiency limit of 30%, now we have about 20,5% in best modules Best thin film modules (CdTe, CIGS) are toxic High installation costs (a-Si) Deficit of raw materials (CdTe, CIGS)

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MAY BE ORGANIC MODULES?

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NOT NOW

Why not now?

Organic photovoltaics is one of the most promising directions of development But now technology is not well developed

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CONCENTRATED PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULES IS GOOD SUBSTITUTE FOR CRYSTALLINE SILICON 10

ADVANTAGES OF CPV

Why yes?

Theoretical efficiency limit is about 50% Best modules have 32,5% efficiency. It`s more than theoretical limits for c-Si and thin film Delivers 30% more energy than c-Si because of sun tracking

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BUT CPV IS STILL EXPENSIVE Total PV-system cost, Euro/W

1,5 1 0,5 0 3,5 3 2,5 2 Crystalline silicon Thin film CPV

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BECAUSE OF HIGH INSTALLATION COSTS

Because of sun tracker Lifetime of CPV module is 20-25 years But lifetime of CPV tracker is about 10 years Tracker replacement increases total PV-system cost by 0,9 euro/W. This make CPV modules more expensive

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THE GOAL IS TO DEVELOP NEW TYPES OF TRACKERS

1,5 1 0,5 0 3,5 3 2,5 2 Crystalline silicon Thin film CPV Cost of tracker replacement, Euro/W Total cost of PV system (improved tracker for CPV), Euro/W

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WE WORK ON IT AT OUR R&D CENTER

OUR R&D Center In 2011 we launched an R&D Center based on the territory of Physics and Technology Institute n. a. Ioffe., Saint-Petersburg, Russia R&D Center offers: Access to research facilities and equipment; Knowledge sharing and joint research; Assistance in obtaining grant funding; Complete cycle development support.

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Contacts

Headquarter:

+7 (495) 638-55-57 [email protected]

121170, Russian Federation, Moscow, Kutuzovskiy proezd, 8, 4 floor

Solar energy department:

+7 (495) 638-55-57 (ext. 117) +7 (915) 209-42-14 Vsevolod Touzovskiy [email protected]

CleanTech, heat-power engineering and electroenergetics department

+7 (495) 638-55-57 (ext. 204) +7 (916) 672-08-78 Ivan Smirnov [email protected]

Energy storage department:

+7 (495) 638-55-57 (ext. 116) +7 (916) 028 63 86 Vasiliy Polyakov [email protected]