Transcript Bureau of Milwaukee Child Welfare Alternative Response
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2010 Conference on Differential Response
American Humane Association
The nation’s voice for the protection of children & animals
It Takes a Community: Visioning a Future for the Child Welfare System
Caren Kaplan Patricia Schene Patricia Ploehn Carol Redding Ben Tanzer
American Humane Association The nation’s voice for the protection of children and animals
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Welcome and Session Overview
More than a Decade of Differential Response, there are:
13 states implementing DR statewide 11 implementing DR or similar system in selected counties Tribal groups in 4 states implementing DR 4 states and the District of Columbia are planning or considering implementation
Evaluation Results from Field Experiments
Child Safety not Diminished
Safety of children did not decline while families received new approach. Children were made safer sooner
Family Engagement under AR
Cooperation of families improved Families were more satisfied and felt more involved in decision making
CPS Staff Reacted Positively
Workers overall reacted positively and believed approach to be more effective.
Services to Families and Children Increased and Changed
Needed services were delivered more quickly.
Services delivering basic necessities (food, clothing, shelter, and medical care) increased.
Greater utilization of community resources
New CA/N Reports and Later Placements of Children Reduced
Recurrence of CA/N reports decreased for families where new approach was provided.
Short-Term Costs Greater, Long-Term Costs Reduced
While initial cost of AR in services provided and worker time was greater than in traditional CPS interventions, it was less costly and more cost effective in longer term.
American Humane Association The nation’s voice for the protection of children & animals
Like a Lifting Fog…
DR Evaluation results make it difficult to deny that system change is essential – practice, strategies, structure, stakeholders, roles and responsibilities… This reality creates our need to respond differently.
So why is the default response to CA/N allegations…
an INVESTIGATION?
Mismatch between System’s Offerings and Families’ Needs
Imminent danger and/or serious harm was absent in > 70% accepted reports (USDHHS, 2010) 19.7 % of victims were subject of court proceedings &20.9% were placed in foster care in response to investigation (USDHHS, 2010) CPS investigation response is ill suited to provide improvements in social support, family functioning, poverty, maternal education, and child behavior problems associated with CA/N.
Source: Campbell, K.A., et al. Household, family, and child Risk Factors after an investigation for suspected child maltreatment. Archives of Pediatric
and Adolescent Medicine. [Vol. 164, No.10] October 2010.
The Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine
This is
not
the face of child protective services .
Time for a Reality Check
American Humane Association The nation’s voice for the protection of children & animals # of neglect allegations has remained level; = ¾ cases reported to CPS Poverty is source of conditions that make CA/N, & most particularly, neglect of children’s basic needs more likely. - Tony Loman (April 2010) > ½ of families in OH AR pilot were subjects of previous accepted CA/N reports CPS, in its historical framework, has outlived its usefulness - Abraham B. Bergman, MD (2010, amended)
Where are we
NOW
?
What does this mean for children and their families who come to the attention of the CPS system?
The Essence & Requisite of Our Work
Services/supports responsive to specific family needs if benefits are to be realized Engagement of and Leadership by Families Engagement of and Involvement of ALL Stakeholders System and practitioner agility Parallel Processes permeate all that we do.
American Humane Association The nation’s voice for the protection of children & animals
Growing the Differential Response System
Visioning a Future for the Child Welfare System
REPORT OF ALLEGED MALTREATMENT SCREENED OUT REPORTS DUAL SCREENING
Meet state statutory criteria of abuse and/or neglect?
Yes
or
No
If
Yes
, using response specific criteria, assign to one of three response pathways.
American Humane Association The nation’s voice for the protection of children & animals
PREVENTION/EARLY INTERVENTION RESPONSE
Formal referral of family to appropriate community services Participation exclusively on voluntary basis
ASSESSMENT RESPONSE
No Abuse or neglect has or is likely to occur Lack of identified present danger threat Court intervention not apparently necessary Lack of necessary care due to poverty Lack of supervision
INVESTIGATION RESPONSE
Present Danger threats Sexual abuse cases Egregious incidents Substantial bodily harm
RECURRENCE/CHRONIC RESPONSE
Frequently Encountered Families Pervasive, long-term challenges Multiple, profound impairments Entrenched poverty/destitute Social isolation/sans social supports
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Commonalities Across Responses
All focus on ensuring
child safety
and promoting permanency within family.
All recognize
child welfare agency’s authority
to make decisions about placement and court involvement. All contribute to
creating system flexibility
so CPS can respond to a family’s changing circumstances, needs and desires. Source: Kaplan, C., & Merkel-Holguin, L. (2008). Another look at the national study on differential response in child welfare. Protecting Children, 23(1 & 2), 5-21.
American Humane Association The nation’s voice for the protection of children & animals