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Bottom-up Measurement and Verification of Energy
Efficiency Improvements: National & Regional Examples
Monitoring of Energy Audits in Finland
Bottom-up since 1994
Heikki Väisänen
Ministry of Trade and Industry
Ulla Suomi
Motiva Oy
European Parliament
3 March 2005
The Finnish Three Instrument Package
4,1 TWh/a
Monitoring boundaries
(4,8 TWh/a 2003)
EA Coverage
Municipalities
~ 50 % of building vol.
Private services
~ 25 % of building vol.
Industry:
~ 70 % of electricity
~ 60 % of heat and fuels
1,5 TWh/a
Public sector:
~ 58 % of building vol.
Private service & gov. bldg:
~ 25 % of building vol.
Industry:
~ 85 % of total energy use
Voluntary
agreements
1997->
Energy
Audits
1992->
VA Coverage
Subsidies
1992 EAs
1998 EEIs
0,5 TWh/a
Total effect approx. 5,0 TWh in 2002 (not 6,1)
Energy Audit Programme
Main figures by the end of 2004
Total over 6200 buildings covered by the EA Programme
 Public sector: ~ 3600 buildings ~ 60 million m3
 Private sector: ~ 1600 buildings ~ 65 million m3
 Industry:
~ 1000 sites
~ electricity 31 TWh/a
~ heat and fuels 70 TWh/a
Total audit costs (1992-2004)
 41 M€, subsidy 19 M€
 4 M€/a, subsidy 1,7 M€/a (approx. level last 3…4 years)
EA database - MOTICOP (since 1994)
 ~5000 statistically valid energy audit reports (31 building types)
 33 000 energy saving measures (30 categories)
 350 000 – 400 000 individual figures
 Average 110 subsidy applications/year
 Average 400 energy audit reports/year
IMonitoring Process of Energy Audits
Energy Audit Clients
Subsidy
applications
Energy Audit
reports
Follow-up via
questionnaire
1995
1996
1999
15 Regional EED Centres
Follow-up via Voluntary
Agreement reporting 2000…
Motiva
I
II
VA Database
EA Database
III
VA~EA
Clients
The 3-Phase Data Collection
Process
1. Subsidy Application Document – filed manually
Basic data: applicant (sector/branch) and the building (type, volume) or site (energy consumptions)
Energy audit model applied, audit cost and subsidy, named energy auditors
2. Energy Audit Report – filed via an Excel-file
Basic data checked and updated
TABLE 1 “Energy & water consumptions” and TABLE 2 “Proposed measures”
3. Follow-up – transferred from VA database
Implementation status of the proposed measures (TABLE 2)
TABLE 2
SUMMARY OF THE PROPOSED MEASURES
MEASURE
TOTAL
SAVING
ROI
INVESTMENT
CO2
reduction
ENERGY SAVING
HEAT
energy
€/a
1
2
3
.
.
.
Description of measure
Description of measure
Description of measure
a
0
0
0
€
0,0
0,0
0,0
t/a
0
0
0
costs
energy
power
€/a
€/a
MWh/a
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
WATER SAVING
ELECTRICITY
energy
costs
energy
power
MWh/a
€/a
€/a
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
water
costs
m³/a
0
0
0
STATUS
OF
IMPLEMENTATION
€/a
0
0
0
0 DONE
0DECIDED
0 CONS.
NO
Normally approx. 4…10 measures/audit
TOTAL
0
0,0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
INot only to get the figure ”1 TWh/a”
Data verification
Data input process
”automatic alarm”
5…7 months/a
Quality Control of
EA Reports
6…10 months/a
•Ministries
•Media
•Clients
•Auditors
•Motiva
•EU
EA Database
Specific
Analysis
1½ months/a
•33.000 measures
•30 categories
•31 building types
1½ months/a
Annual Report on
Energy Audits
”1 TWh/a” 2 days work
Data verification
and correction
continuos process
Cumulative subsidy granted for energy audits and
cumulative audit costs during the period 1992-2004
45,0
41,4
40,0
35,0
37,8
Subsidy
Audit costs
33,6
29,5
milj. €
30,0
25,6
25,0
21,5
20,0
14,1
15,0
10,0
15,9
18,1
11,7
9,0
4,54,4
5,0
2,2
1,4
0,7
0,0
5,5
6,5
7,2
8,2
9,9
11,9
13,8
15,6
17,3
18,8
1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Energy audit volumes in the service sector during the
period 1992-2004
14
Municipalities
12,2
Private sector
Building volume million m3
12
11,4
10,2
10
8
6
7,3
6,6
6,2
5,2
4
2,2
2
5,0
4,2
6,3
4,8 4,7
4,5
3,53,23,4
2,5
1,2
2,8
4,1
3,1
3,02,9
2,1
0,7
0
1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Total consumptions, energy costs, saving potentials and
investments in the public sector 1998-2003
Present consumption
MUNICIPAL SECTOR
Savings potential 1998-2003
923 buildings
Heat
765 425 MWh/a
23 230 718
€/a
97 191 MWh/a
2 836 359
€/a
12,7 %
12,2 %
Electricity
317 890 MWh/a
18 020 155
€/a
22 436 MWh/a
1 658 763
7,1 %
€/a
9,2 %
m3 /a
€/a
7,2 %
Water
2 718 666
5 817 833
m3 /a
€/a
Total consumptions
47 068 706
€/a
195 431
429 636
7,4 %
Total savings
4 924 758
€/a
10,5 %
Investments
7 354 105 €
The profitability of the proposed saving measures in the
service sector energy audits 1998-2003 (tot. 11,1 milj. €)
5
Saving potential million €
5
4,4
4
3,3
4
3
3
2
2
1,0
1
0,7
1
0,4
0,3
0,3
0,2
0,2
0,2
0,2
4-5
5-6
6-7
7-8
8-9
9-10
0
0
0-1
1-2
2-3
3-4
Pay back time (years)
0,0
10
The profitability of the proposed saving measures in the
industry and energy sector energy audits 1998-2003
9
7,8
Saving potential million €
8
7
6,4
6
5
3,9
4
3
2,7
2,7
2,8
2
3,4
1,5
1
0,4
0,1
0,3
8-9
9-10
0
0
0-1
1-2
2-3
3-4
4-5
5-6
6-7
Pay back time (years)
7-8
0,0
10
Proposed energy saving measures in energy audits
during the period 1992–2003
Category of measure
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
2
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
3
4
5
6
7
8
Heating system
Heat production, district heating basic rates
Reduction of indoor temperature
Controls of the heating system
Tightness of the building envelope
Technical system insulations
Total of system
Ventilation system
Running hours
Reduction of air flows
Separation of service areas
Controls of the ventilation system
Heat-recovery
Night cooling ventilation
Total of system
Domestic water, Total of system
Electricity, Total of system
Cooling systems, Total of system
Construction, Total of system
Compressed air system, Total of system
Other energy saving measures
All proposed energy saving measures
Measures
pcs.
284
900
1 617
1 525
171
200
4 697
446
3 956
682
122
1 853
1 259
84
8 402
3 470
9 885
460
484
51
1 310
28 759
Savings
1000 EUR
1 006
2 119
1 480
1 815
268
284
6 972
1 781
9 852
1 911
369
2 367
6 486
49
22 814
3 017
13 883
3 221
957
226
26 788
77 879
Invest.
1000 EUR
3 438
2 553
2 479
7 001
1 123
581
17 175
6 415
3 999
2 795
980
2 934
25 033
35
42 192
5 011
20 257
8 466
3 465
395
72 747
169 708
ROI
a
3,4
1,2
1,7
3,9
4,2
2,0
2,5
3,6
0,4
1,5
2,7
1,2
3,9
0,7
1,8
1,7
1,5
2,6
3,6
1,7
2,7
2,2
Different Levels of Monitoring
Verified
savings
Level VI – Confirms the savings (a legal commitment fulfilled)
Measured
savings at site level
Theoretical savings of
implemented measures
Level V - Know how much is saved (measurement error)
1995
Saving Potentials based on
proposed measures
Energy Audit Volumes
Expenditure (e.g. subsidies for EAs)
Level IV - Know how much approx. will be saved
1994
Level III - Understand how much could be saved
1993
Level II - Know where the money is spent
1992
Level I – Just follow the money spent
,,, some comments
On-site “field” conditions are far from laboratory conditions
 we need to be realistic, what can be measured and what not
Small savings cannot be identified from the total consumption
 sometimes not worth while measuring at all – just adjust the set point
The end-user might not be interested to spend money on M&V
 who will pay for the M&V
- What is actually Bottom-up monitoring… and what not?