Transcript The Carolina Abecedarian Early Intervention Project

Early Childhood Intervention Programs.wmv
The Carolina Abecedarian Early
Intervention Project
A longitudinal study to assess
the efficacy of early childhood
intervention programs
Purpose
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Potential benefits of early intervention
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Children of high-risk families
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Age of onset of education
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Duration of intervention
Project Design
Preschool Segment
K-2 Segment
Results
 Intelligence
 Academic
 Success
Achievement
in Life
IQ Assessment
Reading Scores
Age 8
Age 15
Math Scores
Age 8
Age 15
Life Successes
Related Links
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The Carolina Abecedarian Project: HOME
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Abecedarian Published Brochure
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New Adult Adaptation Study
References
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Campbell, F. A., Pungello, E. P., Miller-Johnson, S., Burchinal, M. &
Ramey, C. T. (2001). The development of cognitive and academic
abilities: Growth curves from an early childhood educational
experiment. Developmental Psychology, 37, 2, 231-242.
Campbell, F. A. & Ramey, C. T. (1994). Effects of early intervention on
intellectual and academic achievement: A follow-up study of
children from low-income families [Electronic Version]. Child
Development, 65, 684-698.
Campbell, F. A., Ramey, C. T., Pungello, E. Sparling, J., & MillerJohnson, S. (2002). Early childhood education: Young adult
outcomes from the Abecedarian Project [Electronic Version].
Applied Developmental Science, 6(1), 42-57.
Neisser, U. et al. (1995). Intelligence knowns and unknowns: Report of
APA task force. American Psychologist, 51.
Ramey, C. T., Campbell, F. A., Burchinal, M., Skinner, M. L., Gardner, D.
M., & Ramey, S. L. (2000). Persistent effects of early childhood
education on high-risk children and their mothers [Electronic
Version]. Applied Developmental Science, 4(1), 2-14.
Head Start
A look at the short-term and
long-term effects
Background
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Created in 1965 under
the Johnson
Administration
Initially served
primarily African
American students from
very poor backgrounds
Head Start now serves
approx. 900,000
students nationwide
It has served more than
23 million children since
it began
Guidelines
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Head Start will accept any 3- and 4-year old children
that are eligible
• Often a very long waiting list
To be eligible, families must fall under the poverty
threshold.
• For example:
4 person family=$20,000
5 person family=$23,400
The 7 Objectives of Head
Start
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To improve the child’s physical health and physical abilities
To help the emotional and social development of the child
To improve the child’s mental processes and skills;
To establish patterns and expectations of success
To increase the child’s capacity to relate positively to family
members and others, while at the same time strengthening
the family stability and capacity to relate positively to the
child
• To develop in the child and his/her family a responsible
attitude toward society, and to foster constructive
opportunities for society to work together with the poor in
solving their problems
• To increase the sense of dignity and self-worth within the
child and his/her family
Short-Term Results
Study by Lee, Brooks-Gunn, and Schnur (1988)
Evaluated 3 groups of children:
Head Start students, students who attended other preschool
programs, and students who did not attend any preschool
Evaluated using 4 tests:
1. Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT)
2. Caldwell Preschool Inventory (PI)
3. Motor Inhibition Test (MI)
4. Eight Block Sorting Test
Short-Term Results
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The Head Start students made the largest
gain in scores in the PPVT, PI, and MI tests
The Head Start students made the second
largest gain in the Eight Block Toy Sort
Head Start scores after 1 year were still
below the 2 other groups on 3 tests, but Head
Start group outscored both groups on the
Motor Inhibition Test
Long-Term Results
Study by Garces, Thomas, and Currie (2000)
Examined non-experimental research on 4,000 children who had
attended Head Start schools since its inception
Aim: To discover whether or not participation in Head Start
results in greater economic or social success later in life
4.
4 Questions:
1.
Completion of High School
2.
Attended some college
3.
Income (between age 22-24)
Charged or convicted of any crime
Long-Term Results
*Controlled for family background*
High School Completion:
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Head Start 6.0% more likely than stay-at-home students
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Other preschool 3.0% more likely than stay-at-home
Attended Some College:
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Head Start 7.5% more likely than stay-at-home
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Other Preschool 2.3% more likely
Income:
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Head Start earned 17% more than stay-at-home
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Other Preschool earned 2% more than stay-at-home
Charged or Convicted of Crime:
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Head Start 1.2% more likely than stay-at-home
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Other Preschool 0.1% less likely than stay-at-home
Montessori
Education
Maria Montessori
• 1896 – first female doctor in Italy
– uneducable
• 1900 – first school for “challenged”
• 1907 – directed first daycares in slum
Philosophy
• Multiple Intelligences
• Empowerment
– Equality
– Community of Learners
• Freedom within limits
• Ability to choose
• Intrinsic Motivation
Method
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Language
Sensory
Mathematics
Culture
Practical
Peace corner
Method
• Work plan
– 3 hour uninterrupted period
• Teacher guidance
• Teacher observation
– Small teacher to kid ratio
• Two most common age groups
– birth to 3
– 3 to 6
Effectiveness
• Intrinsic motivation for academic tasks
(Rathunde & Csikszentmihalyi, 2005)
• Case studies (Korfmacher & Spicer, 2002)
• Comparison studies (Miller & Bizzell, 1984)
– Traditional, Bereiter-Englemann, DARCEE
• Disadvantaged children (Wexley et al., 2001)
Montessori
Activities
South
America
Teaching Language
Double Letter Sounds
ai
ar
au
ee
eh
er
ie
no
oa
oo
or
oy
que
sh
th
ue
Montessori
Activities