Transcript Document
Where
the
evidence?
Insert is
the
title
of your
Pre-driver
education
and
presentation
here
training
Presented
by Name Here
Poppy
Husband
Job Title - Date
Psychologist
14.05.14
Agenda
1
Background
2
Current provision in GB
3
Evidence base
4
Evaluation
5
Where next?
Background
Novice Driver Evidence Review
Review and synthesis of evidence in three areas
Pre-driver education
and training
Focus of the
current
presentation
Graduated driver
licensing
The Road Traffic (New
Drivers) Act (1995)
GDL is effective at
reducing collisions and
the quality of evidence
is high
Almost no evidence in
the existing literature
on the effectiveness of
the New Drivers Act to
influence:
Evidence from
countries where GDL
has been implemented
is consistent
Offences
Collisions
Attitudes
Behaviours
Definition
Pre-driver education and training refers to interventions for pre17 year olds that implicitly or explicitly seek to improve safety
by focusing on some outcome variable…
- Attitudes
- Behaviours
- Collisions
…related to being a driver or passenger in a motor vehicle
Current GB Provision
Current Provision
Extensive provision of pre-driver education and training in GB
via numerous public, private and charitable organisations
Current Provision
Interventions can be categorised as seeking to improve safety
by satisfying one or more of the following:
- Influencing attitudes
- Imparting knowledge
- Improving skills
Current Provision
Approaches:
- Provision of information
- Influencing attitudes to driving
- Training of driving skills
Interventions are well-intentioned, but tend not to be based on
formal theory and knowledge (e.g psychology)
Due to the number of pre-driver education and training it might
be expected that a relatively large evidence base supporting
these interventions exists
Evidence base
Evidence of effectiveness
Very few interventions have been evaluated
Most have such low scientific quality and their results cannot
be determine as reliable or representative
Evidence base for pre-driver education and training is weak at
best
Evidence of effectiveness
No intervention has demonstrated an effect on reducing novice
driver collisions
Some evidence of small/temporary changes in attitudes,
however the relationship of these with subsequent driving
behaviour/collision risk has not been demonstrated
Understanding the lack of evidence
Inappropriate foundation for the intervention
Information deficit model
Dosage
Risk as a value, and pleasure as a pleasure
Social norms
Exposure to risk
Based on McKenna (2010)
Lack of evidence of effectiveness
Review of road safety education
suggested that the lack of
evidence for effectiveness does
not mean that…
“…no educational
intervention can work, but
rather that the evidence
must be provided”
(McKenna, 2010, p12)
Where next?
What are the gaps in knowledge?
Specific attitudes held by young people
Time required to change an attitude
Transfer of information from a non-road transport environment
Age and the effectiveness of persuasive communication
Factors influencing attitude retention
Deighton & Luther (2007)
How can the gaps be filled?
Ensure interventions are theory based
- (Stradling, Fylan & Scott, 2012)
Standardised scientific methodologies are urgently required for
pre-driver education and training interventions so their potential
effectiveness can be assessed (or potential harm)
Focus on interventions with a strong evidence base
- GDL is effective at reducing collisions and the quality of the evidence
is high (Kinnear et al., 2013)
What can we learn from public health?
Evidence based practice approach
Client
Preference
Research
Evidence
EBP
Professional
Judgement
Conclusions
Role of pre-driver education and training
Extensive provision of pre-driver education/training in GB
Some evidence found that pre-driver education/training
improves attitudes to driving, however these improvements are
generally small and short-term
Issue of interventions causing harm instead of good
Continued use of pre-driver education and training should be
seen as an opportunity to build a formal evidence base
Role to support a comprehensive approach to driver licensing
References
Deighton, C. & Luther, R. (2007). Pre-driver education. A critical review of the literature on
attitude change and development, good practice in pre-driver education and programme
effectiveness. Road Safety Research Report. London: Department for Transport.
Kinnear, N., Lloyd, L., Helman, S., Husband, P., Scoons, J., Jones, S., Stradling, S.,
McKenna, F., & Broughton, J. (2013). Novice drivers: Evidence Review and Evaluation.
RPN2553. Crowthorne: Transport Research Laboratory
McKenna, F.P. (2010b). Education in Road Safety: Are we getting it right? Report No.
10/113. London RAC Foundation
Stradling, S., Fylan, F. & Scott, H. (2012). Applying behavioural change techniques to road
safety education. Paper International Conference on Traffic & Transport Psychology,
Groningen.
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Questions?