Transcript Slide 1

Aim: To what extent were early river valley civilizations similar?
Vocabulary: Fertile Crescent, ziggurat, Cuneiform, irrigation, hieroglyphics,
Pyramids
The characteristics of a civilization
A) Social –
1) Religion –
2) Writing –
3) Status B) Economic –
1) Trade –
2) Jobs –
C) Political –
1) Government 2) Law -
Identify the major Early River Valley
Civilizations
http://web.syr.edu/~clmitche/River.htm
River Valley Empires (Political)
3200 BC - AD 400
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Mesopotamian Empires: 2340 BCE-1600 BCE (City-States dominate)
2340 BCE: Sargon Akkad takes Sumer, establishing the first empire.
c. 2125-2027 BCE: The Third Dynasty of Ur
1900-1600 BCE: The First Babylonian Empire
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c. 1900 BCE: Ammorites establish Babylon
1792-1750 BCE: Reign of Hammurabi
c. 1600 BCE: Invasions by Hittites and Kassites destroys the empire
Egyptian Civilization: 3100 BCE - 332 BCE (Most unified River Civilization)
3100-2686 BCE: Archaic Period
2686-2181 BCE: Old Kingdom
1991-1636 BCE: Middle Kingdom
1578-1085 BCE: New Kingdom
1085-332 BCE: Late Dynastic Period
332 BC: Alexander the Great conquers Egypt
Harappan Civilization: 2600 -1300 BC
2600-2500 BC: Harappan Civilization is at its height
2000-1900 BC: Harappan Civilization collapses
c. 1300 BC: Aryans migrate into the Indus Valley through Khyber Pass
c. 1000 BC: Aryan migrate into the Ganges Valley
The Early Chinese Civilization: 2205 BC- AD 220
Shang Dynasty 1600BCE-1026BCE
Zhou Dynasty 1026BCE-400BCE (weakened by 800BCE)
221-207 BC: Qin dynasty – In between Yellow and Yangtze Rivers unified by Qin Emperor
206 BC- AD 9: Former Han dynasty
AD 25--220: Later Han dynasty
http://www.thenagain.info/WebChron/World/RiverValley.html
Is writing an important aspect of a
civilization?
• Sumer- Cuneiform
-1500 BCE Phoenician Alphabet diffused
• Egypt- Hieroglyphics
• Indus River Valley- Cuneiform Diffused
• China- Chinese Symbols
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In Sumer, the original writing was pictographic ("picture writing");
individual words were represented by crude pictorial symbols that
resembled in some way the object being represented, as in the Sumerian
word for king, lu-gal :
The first symbol pictures "gal," or "great," and the second pictures "lu," or "man."
Eventually, this pictorial writing developed into a more abstract series of wedges and
hooks. These wedges and hooks are the original cuneiform.
http://wsu.edu/~dee/GLOSSARY/CUNEI.HTM
Can you solve this ancient
Sumerian riddle?
"A house...
one enters it
blind,
one leaves it
seeing."
http://www.upenn.edu/museum/Games/sumerianTshirt.html
Hieroglyphics
Pbs.org
Harappan Seals
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indus_Valley_Civilization#Science
Chinese Writing (Qin)
• An imperial decree from Chinese Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi, this
plaque orders the standardization of national units of measurement,
currency, and writing. Until the Qin dynasty, Chinese writing varied
from region to region, but the adoption of a universal standard
enabled the Chinese people to communicate across regional
boundaries, despite many differences in spoken language.
encarta
SUMER
Ruling
Family
EGYPT
Pharaoh
Officials
High Priests
Merchants
And
Artisans
Priests
Nobles
Craftsmen and Merchants
Peasants
Peasants
Slaves
COMPARING SOCIAL STRUCTURES:
BASED ON THE FOLLOWING TWO DIAGRAMS, COMPARE THE SOCIAL
STRUCTURE OF ANCIENT EGYPT AND SUMER.
Architecture
What can we learn about a civilization from its architecture?
Ziggurat
Q: Why were ziggurats built in Sumer?
http://www.usfca.edu/westciv/Ziggurat.html
Google images
Pyramids
Q: What purpose did the pyramids serve?
Structures in the Indus River Valley
Civilization
• Mohenjo-Daro had planned city streets and buildings. The
settlement was thought to house roughly 5,000 people, and had
houses, a granary (stores grain), baths, assembly halls and towers.
The city was divided into two parts, the Citadel included an
elaborate tank or bath created with fine quality brickwork and drains;
this was surrounded by a veranda. Also located here was a giant
granary, a large residential structure, and at least two aisled
assembly halls. To the east of the citadel was the lower city, laid out
in a grid pattern. The streets were straight, and were drained to keep
the area sanitary. The people of the city used very little stone in their
construction. They used two types of bricks - mud bricks, and wood
bricks, which were created by burning wood. They used timber to
create the flat roofs of their buildings; there are brick stairways
leading to the roofs of many houses. Some houses were small, and
others were larger with interior courtyards. Most had small
bathrooms. Potter’s kilns, dyer’s vats, as well as metalworking, bead
making, and shell-working shops have all been discovered. The
people were good at irrigation and flood control. However, when the
Indus River changed its course around 3700 years ago, the
civilization died.
http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/archaeology/sites/middle_east/mohenjo_daro.html
http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/archaeology/sites/middle_east/mohenjo_daro.html
Early Chinese Bronze Vessels
Shang Dynasty
Qin Dynasty
http://acc6.its.brooklyn.cuny.edu/~phalsall/images/qin-brn1.jpg
COMPARING CODES OF LAW:
The Code of Hammurabi (1750 BC)
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If any one ensnare another, putting a ban upon him, but
he can not prove it, then he that ensnared him shall be
put to death.
• If any one is committing a robbery and is caught, then
he shall be put to death.
• If a son strike his father, his hands shall be hewn off.
• If a man put out the eye of another man, his eye shall be
put out. [ An eye for an eye ]
Q: Do you believe that the Code of Hammurabi is fair?
http://www.wsu.edu/~dee/MESO/CODE.HTM
• If a man strike a free-born woman so that she
lose her unborn child, he shall pay ten shekels
for her loss.
• If the woman die, his daughter shall be put to
death.
• If he strike the maid-servant of a man, and she
lose her child, he shall pay two shekels in
money.
• If this maid-servant die, he shall pay one-third of
a mina.
Q: How is the Code of Hammurabi applied to
different classes?
http://www.wsu.edu/~dee/MESO/CODE.HTM
http://www.touregypt.net/featurestories/peasant.htm
Q: Compare the treatment of people in different classes under the
Code of Hammurabi and ancient Egyptian law.
Writing Assignment
• Using your homework assignments and the
material we have learned in class write two
paragraphs on the following:
• Compare two early river civilizations and explain
how they were similar (use two examples).
• Compare two early river civilizations and explain
how they were different (use two examples).