Transcript VISION ON DETECTORS

VISION ON DETECTORS
Subhasis Chattopadhyay
VECC, Kolkata
V. Balagi
BARC, Mumbai
Detectors in DAE:- Present status
Detectors are being developed and used from the
inception for detecting particles ranging from thermal
neutrons to cosmic rays
Nuclear physics,
Solid State Physics,
High energy physics,
Medical diagonesis
Neutrons, photons,charged particles
(light or heavy), muons, neutrinos…
Underground to nuclear physics labs,
India, Europe, USA
Special areas of interest for DAE
Reactor safety and control
Health physics instrumentation
Basic research
Based on this bright present we built our vision
for luminous future
Detectors for tomorrow
Discussion based on:
Gross material properties of the media
 Solid State Detectors
 Gas Detectors
 Scintillators and special detectors
R&D Continues to improve any or all of these areas.
Vision on detector development:
Improvement by newer detector materials/
technique.
New uses of the detectors for the society.
Solid State Detectors
Various types of solid state detectors are used:
Surface Barrier Si, Si(Li), HPGe, Si-pad, Si-strip, CCD based
Handling Si technology for making detectors is itself a challenge
Achievements so far:
Low energy to URHIC, X-ray
to high-energy charged
particles
Proposals for future (one step ahead):
Nuclear physics:
Large BARC charged
particle array (108 modules)
Si-strip detectors (1000
modules) for CMS experiment High Energy Physics:
at CERN
Inner tracking with compact double
•Industrial participation
sided Si-Microstrip.
BEL, Bangalore
CBM@GSI (big challenge next 10-15
yrs).
SAXS/WAXS:
CCD camera for study of anisotropy
in materials.
Solid State Detectors:- New materials
CVD Diamond and Silicon-Carbide:
(Radiation hard, Fast, Low noise, Rugged)
CVD technique is tested at various labs in DAE
Applications: Inner tracking in HEP Experiment, Reactor incore flux monitoring, Medical Imaging
SiC: Wide dynamic range, high temp. operation (To be
developed)
Si-pixel detector with amorphous Si
(Pixel detectors are to be used in ALICE)
Challenges ahead:
Deposition of amorphous silicon on ASIC readout: new technology
for pixel sensors (low cost, radiation hardness, thin films)
Technological issues: Deposition of high quality (low defects) thin
film.
Applications: Medical Imaging, HEP Experiment.
Gas Detectors
Achievement so far:
•High granularity gas
proportional array
•100,000 cells (STAR
experiment, BNL)
•250,000 cells (ALICE
experiment, CERN)
• Large area position sensitive
pad chambers
(ALICE experiment, CERN)
• Experience in underground
experiments with gas detector.
(6000 proportional counter built)
•Silver proportional counter:
Pulse neutron flux monitoring
Proposals for future:
Tissue equivalent ion
chambers: Total REM dose
for X-rays and neutrons
Large area detectors
o Multi-wire proportional
chamber(MWPC)
o Microstrip detector
o Resistive plate
chamber(RPC)
o Gas Electron Multiplier
(GEM) based detector
Focus Areas
SANS/SAXS/WAXS
Microstrip
Built in
BARC
Less sample scanning time,
Solve parallax problem
using curvilinear MWPC
INO:
• RPC
Neutrino observatory:
Fast, good position
resolution detector
(RPC)
GEM:
Wireless,
flexible
geometry, fast
dimension: 3m
X 2m
• No of chambers: 11K
•Eff > 90% achieved
Rigorous R&D worldwide
Used in One HEP experiment.
Pos res: 57micron, timing: 12nsec
 TLFC configuration:
Special detectors
233U
fission counters (up to 1cps/nv)
LEU fission counters (up to 3cps/nv)
 Al2O3 based phosphor, KMgF3:Ce3+, SiO2:Cu, AlN,
Dosimetry for gamma, fast and thermal neutrons
 Gamma compensated Pt-Bi SPNDs :Overcomes
anomalous behaviour of Pt SPNDs
 Inconel SPNDs: Fast, low burn-up, long life.
Coiled detectors for future reactor
applications to be developed
 Bubble detector: Personal dosimeter,
Measurement of pulsed neutrons,
On-line neutron area monitor
Discussions: detector vision
Two clear areas emerge from DAE perspective:
Radiation monitoring:
Reactor program (with very stringent specifications)
Beam monitoring and other diagnostics (accelerators)
Materials study (material research is a thrust area in DAE)
Plasma monitor
 reduces import component significantly (e.g. Si), Industry
collaboration is crucial.
Quest of knowledge (NP, SSP, HEP, Astrophysics):
We started with smallest scale:next decades will see DAE
participating as a core member in these experimental program.
INO will be project of next decade.
A dedicated detector research facility (institute?) for DAE need
alone. Next decade should see detectors for DAE
from DAE, given the strong base we have, not a distant dream
Detector Vision: need of the society
Common theme: need of the
society.
9 keV absorption
radiography using GEM
Medical diagonesis.
X-Ray imaging: GEM,
a-Si-films with scintillators,
PSDs .
PET: RPC
Precision radiography setup using Si.
2-D Dosimetry:
GEM, RPC.
Worldwide in large accelerator centres dedicated facilities are
being built for development of detectors for medical applications
eg. Medpix@CERN. We must have dedicated facility for R&D on
Detectors for medical applications.
“
My very modest contribution to physics has been
in the art of weaving in space thin wire detecting
the whisper of nearby flying charged particles
produced in high-energy nuclear collisions.
It is easy for computers to transform these
whispers into a symphony understandable
to physicists.
But the whispers can also be produced by radiations
widely used in biology or in medicine,such as
electrons from radioactive elements or X-rays.
In this last case it is possible to reduce,by a
large factor, the doses of radiations inflicted on
the patients.”
Georges Charpak, Banquet speech,
Nobel Academy (1992)