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SPACE AND COST NORMS FOR
BUILDINGS AS MANAGEMENT TOOL IN
HIGHER EDUCATION
Gert Steyn
Stellenbosch University
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Some scenes at our campus
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Contents
1. Some definitions and concepts
2. Space norms
3. Building cost norms
5. Some applications of space and cost norms in HE
management
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Relationship between Higher Education
activities and space-use categories
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Activities
Space-use categories
Instruction
Research
Public Service
Academic Support
Student Services
Institutional Support
Operation & Maintenance
Bursaries
Auxilliary Enterprises
Hospitals
Independent Operations
Classrooms
Class/Open Laboratories
Research/ Non-class Laboratories
Offices
Study facilities
Special/General- use facilities
Health Care facilities
Residential Space
Study Fields
01 Agriculture and Renewable Natural Resources
02 Architecture and Environmental Design
03 Arts, Visual and Performing
3A Music
3B History of Visual Arts
3C All other Arts, Visual and Performing
04 Business, Commerce and Management Sciences
05 Communication
06 Computer Science and Data Processing
07 Education
08 Engineering and Engineering Technology
09 Health Care and Health Sciences
09A Nursing, Rehabilitation and Therapy, etc.
09B All other Health Care and Health Sciences
10 Home Economics
11 Industrial Arts, Trades and Technology
12 Languages, Linguistics and Literature
13 Law
14 Libraries and Museums
15 Life Sciences and Physical Sciences
16 Mathematical Sciences
17 Military Sciences
18 Philosophy, Religion and Theology
19 Physical Education, Health Education and Leisure
20 Psychology
21 Public Administration and Social Services
22 Social Sciences and Social Studies
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Course Levels
•
•
Lower (Years 1-4)
Higher: Non Research
Research
Assignable square metres
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Actual areas on all floors of a
building assigned to, or available
for, assignment to an occupant or
specific use.
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Excluded from assignable areas
are spaces used for building
service, as well as for circulation,
mechanical and structural
purposes.
Generation of Assignable Square Metres (ASM) by FTE students
Instruction
Classroom Class/Open Lab
Office
(Study field, course level specific)
Research
Research/Non-class Lab
1 FTE Student
Support Services (Academic support,Student support & Inst. Support
Office
Spec/Gen-use
Auxilliary Enterprises
Res (hostels) Res (Other)
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Study space Health care
Some formulas in calculating space norms
Classroom facilities’ space
ASM space per FTE student in Engineering = (A X C)/U =1.555
where A = ASM classroom space per station (seat) = 1.50
C = Annual student classroom contact hours per FTE student in Engineering = 560 hours
U = Annual utilisation hours per classroom station = 540 hours
Office facilities’ space
ASM space per FTE student in Engineering = B/R = 1.500
where B = ASM office space per FTE academic staff member = 15.00
R = FTE students in Engineering per FTE academic staff member = 10.00
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Translating 1ASM Space to Building Cost Units
Space-use category
Office space
Classroom space
Class/Open Lab. Space
Research/Non-class lab.
Study space
Special/general-use space
Health care space
Residential
Number of Cost Units
1.00
1.50
(Study field specific)
1.70
1.10
(Activity specific)
1.00
1.05
Value of 1 building cost unit in June 2007 = R9790
(based on building cost index published monthly)
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Norm provision for building space and building cost units
for a South African university: Formal Instruction
FTE student enrolments according to study field and course level
Study field
Years 1-4
01 Agriculture and Renewable Natural Resources
02 Architecture and Environmental Design
03 Arts, Visual and Performing
3A Music
3B History of Visual Arts
3C All other Arts, Visual and Performing
04 Business, Commerce and Management Sciences
05 Communication
06 Computer Science and Data Processing
07 Education
08 Engineering and Engineering Technology
09 Health Care and Health Sciences
09A Nursing, Rehabilitation and Therapy, etc
09B All other Health Care and Health Sciences
10 Home Economics
11 Industrial Arts, Trades and Technology
12 Languages, Linguistics and Literature
13 Law
14 Libraries and Museums
15 Life Sciences and Physical Sciences
16 Mathematical Sciences
17 Military Sciences
18 Philosophy, Religion and Theology
19 Physical Education, Health Education and Leisure
20 Psychology
21 Public Administration and Social Services
22 Social Sciences and Social Studies
TOTAL
FTE students using institutional housing
FTE students not using institutional housing
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Study level
PG Res
Other
(Excl. PG Res)
Total
450.9
0.0
12.9
0.8
96.5
0.0
560.2
0.8
108.7
173.6
199.9
2409.3
8.8
168.6
582.6
964.4
15.3
0.0
16.1
329.7
22.9
17.7
255.5
0.0
20.1
15.2
14.5
105.6
31.7
8.1
76.7
126.0
144.0
188.8
230.5
2844.6
63.4
194.4
914.8
1090.4
1606.6
52.2
103.6
248.1
800.0
1034.0
209.0
1533.4
1089.3
0.0
330.7
192.5
1056.4
241.1
1305.7
14869.3
57.7
13.2
0.0
61.4
73.9
0.0
6.4
81.2
35.4
0.0
2.4
15.3
66.7
14.9
50.7
1150.0
200.0
28.6
4.9
14.6
158.9
69.6
45.0
148.9
25.5
0.0
106.7
14.3
109.2
99.0
198.8
1718.3
1864.3
94.0
108.5
324.1
1032.8
1103.6
260.4
1763.5
1150.1
0.0
439.8
222.1
1232.3
354.9
1555.1
17737.6
6048.7
11688.9
Total ASM Total build.
cost units
space
generated generated
2732
8
0
882
399
1512
6223
189
804
2289
7522
0
8112
439
640
2877
2298
2347
547
10114
2844
0
757
1168
2880
559
3621
61762
4031
8
0
1389
457
1692
7785
209
938
2785
8711
0
9439
644
783
2772
2757
2964
645
15563
3626
0
919
1345
3544
659
4338
78000
Norm provision for building space and building cost units
for a South African university: All programmes (activities)
Programme/sub-programme
1.1 Formal Instruction
2.0 Research
4.0 Academic Support
4.1 Library Services
4.2 Museum Services
4.3 Educational Media Services
4.4 Academic Computing Support
4.5 Ancillary Support
4.6 Academic Administration
4.7 Course and Curriculum Development
4.8 Academic Personnel Development
5.0 Student Services
5.1 Student Services Administration
5.2 Social and Cultural Development
5.3 Counciling and Career Guidance
5.4 Student Health Services
6.0 Institutional Support
6.1 Executive Management
6.2 Financial Administration
6.3 Financial Aid Administration
6.4 General Administration and Logistical Services
6.5 Student Admissions, Records and Examination
6.6 Administrative Computing Support
6.7 Public Relations/Fund- Raising
6.8 Staff Social and Cultural Development
7.0 Operation and Maintenance of Plant
9.0 Auxiliary Enterprises
9.1 Student Housing Services
9.2 Student Food Services
9.3 Staff Housing Services
9.4 Other Food Services
9.5 Other Auxiliary Enterprises
9.6 Operation and Maintenance of Plant for Aux. Ent.
TOTAL: Buildings
Land improvements other buildings (13%)
TOTAL: All land improvements
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Total ASM Total build.
space
cost units
generated generated
61762
78000
14190
24123
27493
1330
1454
1188
8869
1774
89
89
30065
1330
1646
1772
8869
1774
89
89
142
17507
355
284
142
17507
355
284
1100
887
355
10217
532
780
532
266
5321
1286
887
355
7929
532
1016
532
266
4603
84101
10216
3548
5400
780
829
261391
87034
9705
3725
5130
741
732
290517
37767
328284
Actual ASM Actual build.
space
cost units
Some further scenes from our campus
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Application of space and cost norms in HE
management
1. Determining the norm provision (ASM and building
cost units) for a HE institution.
2. Optimal allocation of ASM to academic units
(departments/schools/faculties) in a HE institution.
3. Calculation of surpluses/backlogs in HE system (See
case study RSA in 1987) to facilitate state funding of
new buildings at HE institutions.
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Application of space and cost norms in HE
management (cont)
4. Capital provision formula based on building cost norms
to facilitate the provision of for new buildings as a
result of student growth.
5. Annual funding building maintenance at a HE
institution. The 1.33% rule.
6. International Benchmarking:
e.g. ASM per FTE student.
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Thank you for attending this presentation
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