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MIS CHAPTER 7 THE INTERNET, INTRANETS, AND EXTRANETS Hossein BIDGOLI MIS, Chapter 7 ©2014 Cengage Learning 1 Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets learning outcomes LO1 Describe the makeup of the Internet and World Wide Web. LO2 Discuss navigational tools, search engines, and directories. LO3 LO4 LO5 Describe common Internet services. MIS, Chapter 7 ©2014 Cengage Learning Summarize widely used Web applications. Explain the purpose of intranets. 2 Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets l e a r n i n g o u t c o m e s (cont’d.) LO6 LO7 MIS, Chapter 7 ©2014 Cengage Learning Explain the purpose of extranets. Summarize new trends in the Web 2.0 and 3.0 eras. 3 Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets The Internet and the World Wide Web • Internet – Worldwide collection of millions of computers and networks – Derived from the term internetworking – No one actually owns or runs the Internet – Started in 1969 as a U.S. Department of Defense project called Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET) – Evolved into the National Science Foundation Network (NSFNET) in 1987 MIS, Chapter 7 ©2014 Cengage Learning 4 Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets The Internet and the World Wide Web (cont’d.) • Internet backbone – Foundation network linked with fiber-optic cables – Can support very high bandwidth • Several private companies operate their own Internet backbones – Interconnect at network access points (NAPs) • World Wide Web (WWW, or “the Web”) – Graphical interface to the largely text-based Internet in 1989 MIS, Chapter 7 ©2014 Cengage Learning 5 Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets The Internet and the World Wide Web (cont’d.) • Hypermedia – Documents can include embedded references to audio, text, images, video, and other documents • Hypertext – Embedded references in hypermedia documents – Links users can click to follow a particular thread MIS, Chapter 7 ©2014 Cengage Learning 6 Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets Domain Name System • Domain names – Unique identifiers of computer or network addresses on the Internet – IBM.com or whitehouse.gov • Internet Protocol (IP) address – 208.77.188.166 – Assigned by the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) • Domain Name System (DNS) – Domain names are converted to IP addresses MIS, Chapter 7 ©2014 Cengage Learning 7 Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets Domain Name System (cont’d.) • Uniform resource locators (URLs) – Identify a Web page, the address of a document or site on the Internet – Suffix indicating the top-level domain (TLD) it belongs to • TLD – Organizational (gTLDs) – Country-code (ccTLDs) • Understand the parts of a URL – http://www.csub.edu/~hbidgoli/books.html MIS, Chapter 7 ©2014 Cengage Learning 8 Table 7.1 MIS, Chapter 7 ©2014 Cengage Learning Generic Top-Level Domains 9 Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets What Is HTML? • Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) – Language used to create Web pages • Structure for an HTML document: <HTML> <HEAD> (Enter the page’s description.) </HEAD> <BODY> (Enter the page’s content.) </BODY> </HTML> MIS, Chapter 7 ©2014 Cengage Learning 10 Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets Types of Internet Connections • Symmetric DSL (SDSL) – Up to 1.5 Mbps in both directions • Asymmetric DSL (ADSL) – Upstream rates 3.5 Mbps – Downstream rates typically 24 Mbps • Very High Speed DSL (VDSL) – Downstream/upstream transmission rate up to 100 Mbps over short distances • T1 or T3 lines – Equivalent of 24 conventional telephone lines MIS, Chapter 7 ©2014 Cengage Learning 11 Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets Navigational Tools, Search Engines, and Directories • Navigational tools – Used to travel from site-to-site or to “surf” the Internet • Search engines – Allow you to look up information on the Internet by entering keywords related to your topic of interest • Directories – Indexes of information based on keywords in documents – Allow search engines to find what you’re looking for MIS, Chapter 7 ©2014 Cengage Learning 12 Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets Navigational Tools • Graphical Web browsers – Microsoft Internet Explorer (IE), Mozilla Firefox, Google Chrome, and Apple Safari, and Opera – Menu options – View browsing history – Bookmarking – Setting viewing preferences MIS, Chapter 7 ©2014 Cengage Learning 13 Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets Search Engines and Directories • Search engine – Google.com, Bing.com or Ask.com – Information system that enables users to retrieve data from the Web by using search terms • Three step process – Crawling the Web – Indexing – Searching MIS, Chapter 7 ©2014 Cengage Learning 14 Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets Search Engines and Directories (cont’d.) • Directories – Organize information into categories – Types: • Automated (crawler-based) • Human powered • Crawler-based directories: based on index terms – Some search engines, in addition to their index-termbased directory, offer directories based on popular categories MIS, Chapter 7 ©2014 Cengage Learning 15 Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets Internet Services • Most services made possible by the TCP suite of protocols: – Simple Message Transfer Protocol (SMTP) – Post Office Protocol (POP) • Popular services – E-mail, newsgroups, discussion groups, Internet Relay Chat, instant messaging, and Internet telephony MIS, Chapter 7 ©2014 Cengage Learning 16 Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets E-mail • One of the most widely used services on the Internet • Main types – Web-based e-mail – Client-based e-mail • E-mail programs include: – – – – Folders for organization Address books and distribution groups Spell checkers Delivery notification MIS, Chapter 7 ©2014 Cengage Learning 17 Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets Newsgroups and Discussion Groups • Discussion groups – Formed for people to exchange opinions and ideas on a specific topic – Group members post messages or articles that others in the group can read • Newsgroups – Typically more general and can cover any topic – Allow people to get together for fun or for business purposes MIS, Chapter 7 ©2014 Cengage Learning 18 Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets Instant Messaging • Internet Relay Chat (IRC) – Enables users in chat rooms to exchange text messages with people in other locations in real time • Instant messaging (IM) – Service for communicating with others via a private “chat room” on the Internet – Many IM applications available: Windows Messenger, Yahoo! Messenger, and Google Chat MIS, Chapter 7 ©2014 Cengage Learning 19 Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets Internet Telephony • Internet telephony – Using the Internet rather than the telephone network to exchange spoken conversations • Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) – Requires high-speed Internet connection and microphone or headset – International and other long-distance calls are much less expensive – Used to route traffic starting and ending at conventional PSTN phones – Call quality has been improving MIS, Chapter 7 ©2014 Cengage Learning 20 Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets Web Applications • Services and products for a wide range of customers at more competitive prices and with increased convenience • Can be used with minimum costs MIS, Chapter 7 ©2014 Cengage Learning 21 Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets Tourism and Travel • Travel Web sites allow customers to book tickets for plane trips and cruises, etc. • InfoHub.com (http://infohub.com/) – Specialty travel offered • Other examples of sites that offer all types of tourism and travel services: – Expedia.com, Travel.com, Travelocity. com, Priceline.com, Hotels.com, Google.com/flights/, and Yahoo! Travel MIS, Chapter 7 ©2014 Cengage Learning 22 Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets Publishing • Major publishers in the United States and Europe offer Web sites with: – – – – Descriptions of forthcoming books Sample chapters Online ordering Search features MIS, Chapter 7 ©2014 Cengage Learning 23 Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets Higher Education • Most universities have Web sites offering: – Information about departments, programs, faculty, and academic resources – Virtual tours of the campus • Online degree programs – Possible for students who cannot attend school otherwise to enroll in classes MIS, Chapter 7 ©2014 Cengage Learning 24 Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets Real Estate • Real estate Web sites – Provide millions of up-to-date listings of homes • Buyers can – Review neighborhoods, schools, and real estate prices • Customers can – Find realtors and brokerage firms and learn homebuying tips • Major real estate Web sites: – Remax (www.remax.com), Century 21 (www.century21.com), Prudential (www.prudential.com), and ERA (www.era. com). MIS, Chapter 7 ©2014 Cengage Learning 25 Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets Employment • Services available: – – – – – – – – – Expert advice and tools for managing your career Resume assistance, tools for creating resumes Job search tutorials Posting and distributing resumes Job alerts Searches by company, industry, region, or category Announcements of job fairs Career tests to see what career is right for you Salary calculators MIS, Chapter 7 ©2014 Cengage Learning 26 Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets Financial Institutions • Online banking services • E-mail to communicate with customers and send account statements and financial reports • Helps banks reduce the time and costs of communicating via phone • Consumer acceptance has been slow • Banking services available via the Internet MIS, Chapter 7 ©2014 Cengage Learning 27 Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets Software Distribution • Vendors distribute software on the Internet as well as drivers and patches – Antivirus updates – Fast, and easy to download • Large programs not distributed via Internet • Online copyright-protection schemes MIS, Chapter 7 ©2014 Cengage Learning 28 Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets Healthcare • Store patient records on the Internet – Accessible from one central location – Potential problems with information privacy, accuracy, and currency • Telemedicine – Enables medical professionals to conduct remote consultation, diagnosis, and conferencing • Telepresence surgery • Online prescription drugs MIS, Chapter 7 ©2014 Cengage Learning 29 Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets Politics • Most political candidates now make use of Web sites – – – – Announcing platforms Publicizing voting records Notices of appearances and debates Fundraising • Possible use for legislators voting online – Security issues MIS, Chapter 7 ©2014 Cengage Learning 30 Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets Intranets • Network within an organization that uses Internet protocols and technologies for collecting, storing, and disseminating useful information that supports business activities • Also called corporate portals • For internal use by employees – Many companies also allow trusted business partners to access their intranets • Different from a LAN • Define and limit access carefully MIS, Chapter 7 ©2014 Cengage Learning 31 Table 7.2 The Internet versus Intranets The Internet versus Intranets MIS, Chapter 7 ©2014 Cengage Learning 32 Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets Applications of an Intranet • • • • • Human resources management Sales and marketing Production and operations Accounting and finance Help organizations move from a calendar- or schedule-based document-publishing strategy to one that’s based on events or needs – Reduce the costs and time of document production MIS, Chapter 7 ©2014 Cengage Learning 33 Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets Extranets • Secure network – Uses the Internet and Web technologies to connect intranets of business partners • Type of interorganizational system (IOS) – Electronic funds transfer (EFT) – Electronic data interchange (EDI) • DMZ – Refers to the demilitarized zone, an area of the network that’s separate from the organization’s LAN MIS, Chapter 7 ©2014 Cengage Learning 34 Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets Extranets (cont’d.) • Advantages of extranets – – – – – Coordination Feedback Consumer satisfaction Cost reduction Expedited communication MIS, Chapter 7 ©2014 Cengage Learning 35 Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets New Trends: The Web 2.0 and 3.0 Eras • Web 2.0 – Trend of Web applications that are more interactive than traditional Web applications – Collaboration or e-collaboration • Web 3.0, “the Semantic Web” – Provides personalization that allows users to access the Web more intelligently – Focuses on “intelligent” Web applications using various applications of artificial intelligent technologies MIS, Chapter 7 ©2014 Cengage Learning 36 Table 7.4 MIS, Chapter 7 ©2014 Cengage Learning Web 1.0 Versus Web 2.0 37 Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets Blogs • Short for “Weblog” • Journal or newsletter that’s updated frequently and intended for the general public • Many sites offer free space for blogs and even include posting photos – Blogger.com • Blogs on Web sites dedicated to a particular topic or organization – Updated with the latest news and views MIS, Chapter 7 ©2014 Cengage Learning 38 Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets Wikis • Allows users to add, delete, and sometimes modify content • Online encyclopedia Wikipedia • Information user can also be an information provider • Issue with quality of information • Wikis have caught on at many companies MIS, Chapter 7 ©2014 Cengage Learning 39 Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets Social Networking Sites • Broad class of Web sites and services that allow users to connect with friends, family, and colleagues online • Popular social networking sites: – Facebook, Twitter • LinkedIn: professional networking site – Popular for business use • Twitter – Response or comment no longer than 140 characters MIS, Chapter 7 ©2014 Cengage Learning 40 Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets RSS Feeds • “Really simple syndication” • Fast, easy way to distribute Web content in Extensible Markup Language (XML) format • XML – Flexible method for creating common formats for information – Tags represent the kind of content being posted and transmitted – Defines data with a context MIS, Chapter 7 ©2014 Cengage Learning 41 Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets Podcasting • Electronic audio file posted on the Web for users to download to their mobile devices • Has a specific URL and is defined with an XML item tag • Usually collected by an “aggregator” – iTunes or iPodder • Users can subscribe to a podcast MIS, Chapter 7 ©2014 Cengage Learning 42 Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets The Internet2 • Collaborative effort involving more than 200 U.S. universities and corporations to develop advanced Internet technologies and applications – For higher education and academic research • Gigapop – Local connection point-of-presence – Main function is the exchange of I2 traffic with a specified bandwidth • Relies on the NSFNET and MCI’s very high-speed backbone network service MIS, Chapter 7 ©2014 Cengage Learning 43 Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets The Internet2 (cont’d.) • Applications of Internet2 include: – – – – Learningware Digital Library Teleimmersion Virtual laboratories MIS, Chapter 7 ©2014 Cengage Learning 44 Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets Summary • Overview and brief history of the Internet and the World Wide Web • Navigational tools, search engines, directories • Internet services – E-mail, newsgroups, and instant messaging • • • • Web applications and the service industry Intranets and extranets Web 2.0 and Web 3.0 Internet2 MIS, Chapter 7 ©2014 Cengage Learning 45