Transcript 臺灣推行書法教育之研究 --以張炳煌教授在臺灣從事書

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE
CALLIGRAPHY EDUCATION IN TAIWAN
USING THE CALLIGRAPHY TEACHING
OF PROFESSOR ZHANG BING-HUANG
AS A CASE STUDY
---By Ming-Ta Kao--
Chapter 1
The Problem and its Background
1.1 Introduction and statement of the
problem
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China's Chinese word, of long standing and well established,
our country's inherent traditional culture.
The ancient style of calligraphy, current in the Zhou Dynasty
from the ancient Chinese prose of the style of calligraphy is to
the lesser seal character, subordinate to through seal
character, model, transportation, grass, various physique take
shape gradually. Among characters, various nationalities of
world, can independent calligraphy art of class only.
Pictograph
The evolution of character gives an
example
Inscriptions on bones or tortoise shells
Large seal character-Ancient style of calligraphy,
current in the Zhou Dynasty
Small seal character
Lishu
Regular script
Running hand
Cursive script
Write pen, Chinese ink,
paper, inkstone used,
except tool, can also
appreciate, represent
mankind's noble quality,
represent special art of
the spirit of the times too.
Write tools
Pen
Black - loose one scorched, make by special method, after mixing it with water,
? Wear into black Chinese ink, is used for writing.
Paper
Inkstone
Because of the flourishing development of science and technology,
have written tools and already had a brand-new change, the
practical value of the calligraphy, in such an objective environment,
certainly has already been challenged deeply.
In fact, the modern society which we extremely developed in the
material progress, life is tense, soul is hollow, real and necessary
through the implementation that the calligraphy educated, to adjust
life and moist soul. And calligraphy artistic aesthetics and happy
feeling getting happy speciality and function, beautify life in we
aesthetic sentiment to nourish and cherish us also, the calligraphy
should not be forgotten for people.
1.2 cause of the study
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Written with writing brush calligraphy, practical value
its write the tool or computer replace while being
other already.
The government does not pay attention to calligraphy
education.
Some people even think Chinese write and hamper
science and technology's progress.
I think: The above-mentioned views are not totally
correct, hope to look for a road to save Chinese
calligraphy development.
1.3 Delimitation of callgraphy
The refered calligraphy of this research, only
mean that writes art of Chinese characters.
1.4 scope of the study
The calligraphy that this text speaks, the
orthodox calligraphy that has meant for 6,000
years is spoken.
 Engaged in the example that the calligraphy
educates in Taiwan with Zhang Bing-Huang
professor, is engaged in research 。
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1.5 The significance and the purpose of the study
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The People's Republic of China has a large population, and the
national power is rich, the United Nations, in 2008, determine
old China hand competent characters that use as formal
tomorrow simplified Chinese character.
Use the country or area of ' the roman word ', only have
Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macao left.
The People's Republic of China has already found the
drawback of the simplified Chinese character, is the
calligraphy of Taiwan educated? Bear, save one outstanding
serious responsibility of culture heavy to let.
Chapter 2
The theoretical
framework
2.1 Relevant Theories
This study is based on the
theoretical basis of Edmund
Husserl’s phenomenon study.
Edmund Husserl 1859-1938
2.2 Method to study in phenomenon
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（1）Leave the question open law
(2) The essence ocular law
 (3) Increase description that does not
reduce
 (4) Both as subject research law of
relation
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2.3 Understanding and conclusions regarding
studies in phenomenon
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(1) , one has no stereotype, not applies the theory of the theory
mechanically, master the method with essential phenomenon.
(2) , the phenomena of priori proposed are studied, Ji can dissolve the
academic crisis of Europe.
(3) , the final purpose of studying in moustache match phenomenon, lie in
setting up a strict scientific knowledge system.
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(4) , put emphasis on, ask all own and waiting and seeing instead.
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(5) , the trap that don't fall into the self-contradiction.
2.4 Review of
Related Literature
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2.4.1 Taiwan inherits China‘s orthodox
calligraphy
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Since China's Mainland, pursue, use simplified
Chinese character, to make word principle
Chinese character, destruction totally,
fortunately in Taiwan, we act on the Chinese
cultural tradition, use the roman word that
history passed on, enable the centre blood
vessels of Chinese culture, can extend.
2.4.2 Chinese words are graceful and their
figures are various
1. There are various styles of Chinese
characters.
 2. The internationalization of Chinese
calligraphy
 3, Chinese calligraphy stresses the romantic
charm
 4, A handsome calligraphy writing makes
one rich and come to the front
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2.4.3 Each dynasty had different
calligraphy styles
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People in Jin Dynasty liked calligraphy for the lasting
attraction
people in Tang Dynasty liked calligraphy of rules of writing
people in Song Dynasty liked calligraphy of artistic
conception
people in Yuan Dynasty and Ming Dynasty liked the posture
of the calligraphy.
people in Qing Dynasty paid special attention to the rubbing
from a stone inscription.
2.4.4 Complicated factors are involved in the
calligraphy styles in a specific dynasty
One piece books of era wind, it is
it depend on by strengths
personal only can about,need
periods getting longer in ferment
transform into naturally.
2.4.5
The course of calligraphy
development in Taiwan
The dawn of Taiwan style of calligraphy（16621735）
Roughly in will it be last years Ming Dynasty, Zheng Chenggong for being ' instead clear to regain one's sight ', regard
Taiwan as base area, therefore bring some aides and staff,
these aides and staff, a lot of pass government's strict
examination, they are certainly good hands who write
calligraphy, Zheng Cheng-gong's calligraphy, there is one's
own special too. Can say Taiwan dark for culture, bring a
bright lamp of culture.
The early period for Taiwan to accept the orthodox Chinese calligraphy art
（1683-1895）
Cover Qianlong imperial court in this period, until Emperor
Guang Xu, while ceding Taiwan to Japan. Unless Taiwanese the
rich, in it have too the department one, it last pieces of
prosperous calligraphy wind towards. Combine with, China
former tour official, with artistic appreciation of them, book the
rumour is getting about enter Central Plains, have irrigated the
field of the calligraphy of Taiwan.
The period that integrated Japanese style to the Taiwan
style of calligraphy（1895-1949）
Japanese book one, originally influenced by China and
very deep, their characters, are hit Chinese word and
changed too, it is long, still have some changes, i.e. the
so-called Japanese wind with the Chinese calligraphy
style. Taiwan is their colony, Japan forces Taiwanese to
approve their culture with the advantage, on the wind in
the book, integrate a little taste of Japan more or less.
Inheritor of China's orthodox calligraphy（19451976）
China's Mainland simplify characters in an all-round
way, hit Chinese word beautiful, totally destruction,
make their scholar, because can not understand the
ancient book, and enable research work slowly, our
Taiwan uses ' the roman word ', so Taiwan is the
inheritor of China's orthodox calligraphy.
Entering a new era of calligraphy art in Taiwan（1987-）
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In every eras, there is a calligraphy style taken the place of
at that time. In since 1987, the government claimed to lift a
curfew, the yardstick of the thought, speech was greatly
relaxed, like visiting the sea, freely.
In so fine an environment, we expect, must create a unique
calligraphy style. So I call this era: Era of ' the new look of
new exhibition of entering happening anciently '.
2.5
Review of Related
Studies
(1) The environment is disadvantageous to the implementation of
calligraphy education
The calligraphy is developed, the
greatest puzzlement, the intervention
from political strength and good
factor of academic environment
faced at present.
Political intervention
 ( 1) , in the implementation
simplified Chinese character of
China's Mainland
 ( 2) , the thinking of Taiwanese ruler '
goes to China '
The academic environment is not good
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( 1) , educational course of school calligraphy is not paid attention to
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( 2) , teachers have insufficient speciality
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( 3) , the teaching material is unsatisfactory
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( 4) , the government seldom holds the calligraphy match
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( 5) , the funds are fallen short and distributed unevenly
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( 6) , the tradition writes the declining of the method
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( 7) , the social personage exhibits the field insufficiently
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( 8) , subject of calligraphy exchange horn, loss more and more, population
of calligraphy,
(2) The idea of Professor Zhang Bing-Huang's
calligraphy education
The calligraphy is that anyone can study the
successful one.
 The advantage of advocating studying the
calligraphy is numerous.
 It is orthodox that the attitude toward
calligraphy education insists on Chinese
characters, but teaching method, should be
with era and progress.
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Professor Zhang Bing Huang’s Methods in calligraphy
education
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The Natural Approach
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Teaching method of Suzuki
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Probing into type teaching method
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Colony teaching method
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Taking one steps forward must be examined twice method
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Auspicious lucky teaching method of school of Europe (Lois
Malaguzzi School Teaching)
These methods, on the teaching applicable each time at the same
time, but see the situation ' teach students in accordance with their
aptitude '.
(3) The practice of Professor Zhang Bing-Huang's calligraphy
education
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1,The teaching method is being improved constantly, keep up with changing times.
2,Restore classical rubbing from a stone inscription of China, substantiate the teaching material.
3,The book with great concentration sets forth one's views, for reader's reference.
4,Creating the book will combine the people having a common goal, become the writing style luxuriantly.
5,Ten thousand people open the pen at the beginning of the year, the joyous festival of calligraphy circles
6,Hold the calligraphy match to improve and write? Will
7,Make arrangements for ' the annual exhibition of the calligraphy of Taiwan ', the type moulds the
Taiwanese book wind.
8,Train calligraphy teachers, transmit the burning incense.
9,Open the boundary and open up the soil for the calligraphy of Taiwan, increase the influence.
10,The text raises the disposition, the calligraphies of the whole people of the advocacy
11,Make arrangements for the scientific seminar in order to improve the book and pays attention to
accomplishment
Chapter 4.
The Conceptual
Framework
(1) The conceptual framework for the study of Chinese calligraphy education is
based on the phenomenology of Edmund Husserl.
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It is very deep that the moustache match is influenced by flute card,
maintain that should hold the attitude suspected in everything, until finding
the truth.
Treat the things, do not change because of knowing, the stream of
consciousness of the subject, all puts brackets, priori leaves the question
open.
Subject use, put method that bracket leave the question open, make
objective knowledge, just as it, appear, take notice of, know structure,
complement with essence ocular method, come, find out about life essence
of object of world.
From the above conclusion, the following diagram illustrates the logic structure
of the study.
（2）Procedure of study
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According to the conceptual structure described above, the materials
obtained will be deduced, analyzed, compared, and summarized to put
forward the preliminary views for further discussion. If there are doubtful
points in the finding, more data will be searched for verification according
to phenomenon study of Husserl. After the doubtful places are clarified, the
drafting of the dissertation will be started.
In the course of the writing, I would keep close contact with the counselors.
More attention will be paid to the details; even the addition and deletion,
retouching of characters, will be double checked over and over again until
the conclusions are reached.
The procedure of the study is illustrated in the following diagram.
5. Hypothesis of the Study
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How make Chinese calligraphy, can stand erect, shake,
continue, advance, hope of author.
Think this research is very important with the author, suppose
that passes Professor Zhang Bing-Huang, as to the method that
the calligraphy educates, it is expected value obtained and
contribution : Can keep the population of writing China's
orthodox calligraphy here, it is the orthodox Chinese
calligraphy successor's status to establish Taiwan.
Chapter 3
Methods of
Research
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3.1 Methods and Techniques of the
Study
(1)History study
(2) Interviews
(3) Data processing
3.2 Research Instrument
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A large number of materials how to store effectively to
collect, certainly need superior computer to make tools.
In the choice materials, need broad knowledge,
meticulous outsight, clever resolution strength even more,
could make the thesis describe meaningfully.
Chapter 4 Presentation,
Analysis and
Interpretation of Data
4.1 The achievement of this research
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(1) , insist writing and promoting and writing ' roman Chinese '
(2) , establishment calligraphy corporation
(3) , cultivation calligraphy seed teacher
(4) , it lasts the run-up various competitions
(5) , book expound one's ideas in writing is it book dish set up model
(6) , the atmosphere of popularizing the social calligraphy
(7) , the sports of recommending New Year customs and combining with
calligraphy
(8) , lead the international calligraphy alliance and international Pen
Association of blue pavilion
(9) , the gold world record of driving quill of challenge calligraphy
Chapter 5
Conclusions and
Recommendations
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5.1 Summary
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China's Chinese word, of long standing and well established, while Chinese
characters are written and employed, have produced in world various
nationalities' characters gradually, one alone, calligraphy art of the class
that can be independent.
Chinese writes tools used, is writing brush and Chinese ink, paper, ink stone.
Because of the development in science and technology, has invented more
convenient writing tools, people not only abandon this traditional art of
writing gradually, even, think it has hampered science and technology's
progress.
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In fact, this idea remains to be tested, Taiwan uses ' roman Chinese ',
science and technology has not been influenced slightly, and the fact proves,
Chinese is not only most favorable to the use of the computer, and the
Chinese script is graceful, besides practicability, also have artistry
concurrently, if add the exercise and hardworking still can adjust life and
moist soul.
I am according to this idea, how to engaged in the method that the
calligraphy is being educated to rise and carry on research Taiwan? Find
many questions too.
In order to clearly distinguish the question, I choose with Zhang BingHuang professor, how to teach idea and achievement of the calligraphy,
prove traditional Chinese is written, not only will not disappear, but also will
continue developing.
5.2 Findings and Conclusions
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Among Chinese mind, think it is beautiful for Chinese not to write, for be
able to write proficiency fine people of word, will throw it with the eyes
that are envied more or less. Ma Yingjiu today in the president ' 2009)On
annual New Year's Day, break gold after the calligraphy of the world
drives quill and notes down, the very excited one says: ' next year sign in
succession through every university of the world, will apply for Chinese
characters and become the legacy of the world '.
It is the president that Mr. Ma is expensive, there is such understanding,
erupt simultaneously such a bold language, exciting. But calligraphy
educate, for a long time, intend and have no intention under being
indiscreet and negligent in government, leave many to lack, for rectify
shortcoming these, hope later on government, can take positive effective
attitude and method already, could make Chinese write, founds for a
brilliant new era, the good greatest here.
5.3 Recommendations for calligraphy education in Taiwan
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(1) , the government should indicate that recommend the clear attitude of the
calligraphy
(2) , the researchers who should substantiate the calligraphy theory
(3) , should set up the calligraphy special library or the museum
(4) , the calligraphy group should rely on one's own efforts
(5) , the calligraphy match of handling the healthy psychology
(6) , the modern book skill should be planted because of the roman country's word
(7) , enhancement foreign language ability squeezes into the international
community
(8) , there should be consciousness of major status of calligraphies in Taiwan
(9) , the government should look after the calligraphist's life properly
The report finishes
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