Transcript CS 5154 Announcements

Computer Ethics & Social Implications of IT
Asia - Australia Perspective
Ajith Abraham
Information Technology Evolution
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Hardware (computing) evolution
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Intelligent tools
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Internet and communication evolution
•
Software engineering evolution
Computing evolution
• Advances in VLSI technology
• Clock frequency growth (30% per annum)
• Average No of transistors – 40% growth per annum
Constraints ?
Sequential Architectures: Speed of light, Thermodynamic
laws, Economic factors
Hardware : Pipelining etc., are non-scalable and requires
sophisticated compiler technology.
Solution ?
Parallel Computing – connecting computers together,
sharing the computational task
Grand Challenge Applications (GCAs)
The scale of their resource requirements such as processing
times, memory and communication needs distinguish GCAs
Examples of GCA's
 Discrete event simulations
 Virtual materials design and processing
 Finite element analysis
 Crash tests
 Turbulence simulations
Grand Challenge Applications – Simulations
(Source : Argonne National Laboratories)
Turbulence Simulation
Virtual material design-silicon nitride
Showing the air flow from a
dashboard vent and striking the
windshield of an automobile.
Visualization of air flow
over an M-6 aircraft wing.
Intelligent Systems
Internet Evolution
World Wide Web (WWW) is growing exponentially
WWW will hit almost 320 million users by 2002
Communication: Local Multi-point Distribution System
To replace existing cabling and other infrastructure.
Overcomes the traditional "last mile" problem.
Operating at between 26 and 40 gigahertz.
Duplex,Multimedia, multi-point functionality.
Gigabit Ethernet (GbE)
Fast Ethernet quickly becomes inadequate to maintain
acceptable performance for a growing number of applications
Easy straightforward migration
At reasonable initial cost and overheads
No additional investment for protocol stacks or middleware
ATM
Software engineering
Web and the Internet will be the driving forces behind many
software development projects in the next millennium.
Browsers
Even though the World Wide Web Consortium -W3C has
rectified the weakness of Hyper Text Markup Language
(HTML) by using the Extended Markup Language (XML)
and Cascading Style Sheets (CSS), browser makers have
been far too slow to implement these standards.
Database Management Systems
Jini Technology
Major Issues
1. Intellectual Property and Computer Theft
There are no clear-cut rules for deciding what's fair
use and there are no "automatic" classes of fair uses.
a. The purpose and character of the use
b. The nature of the copyrighted work
c. The amount and substantiality of the portion used
d. The effect of the use upon the potential market for
or value of the copyrighted work
2. Software reliability
When customer and regulatory requirements demand the utmost
in:
• safety
• availability
• timeliness
• quality of service
A comprehensive approach to system design and analysis is
required.
3. Hacking
Hacking has been around for more than a century.
University facilities with huge mainframe computers, like MIT's
artificial intelligence lab, become staging grounds for hackers.
Hacking Issues !!
A Texas A&M professor receives death threats after a hacker logs
on to his computer from off-campus and sends 20,000 racist e-mail
messages using his Internet address.
The federal Bureau of Labor Statistics is inundated for days with
hundreds of thousands of fake information requests, a hacker
attack called "spamming."
Hackers claim to have broken into a Pentagon network and stolen
software for a military satellite system. They threaten to sell the
software to terrorists.
Hacker group L0pht, in testimony before Congress, warns it could
shut down nationwide access to the Internet in less than 30
minutes. The group urges stronger security measures.
4. Data Privacy, Databases and Database Security
Example: Cryptography
As we move into an information society, the technological means
for global surveillance of millions of individual people are
becoming available to major governments. Cryptography has
become one of the main tools for privacy, trust, access control,
electronic payments, corporate security, and countless other fields.
The use of cryptography is no longer a privilege reserved for
governments and highly skilled specialists, but is becoming
available for everyone to make use of.
5. Applications of AI : Will machine replace humans??
http://www.evolution.com
A robot that can see….
A robot that can put your ideas into practice
Major Issues
Computers in the Workplace
Computers in the workplace covers a variety of issues including
computer-based monitoring of workers, worker health and
safety, worker privacy, and conditions of employment.
• Monitoring of employees - privacy rights in the workplace
• Employment background checks - A guide to your rights as a
jobseeker by the Privacy Rights Clearinghouse.
• Many Companies Fail to Protect Confidential Employee Data
- Electronic Monitoring in the Workplace
• Honesty and Trust
• Accountability and Responsibility
Major Issues
Computers and Health
Stress, Work and Happiness
Economy—overview
Australia has a prosperous Western-style capitalist
economy
Rich in natural resources, Australia is a major
exporter of agricultural products, minerals, metals,
and fossil fuels.
Industries: mining, industrial and transportation
equipment, food processing, chemicals, steel
Exports—partners: Japan 20%, ASEAN 16%, EU 10%,
South Korea 9%, US 9%, NZ 8%, Taiwan, Hong Kong,
China (1997)
Australia: Economy—overview
Imports—partners: EU 25%, US 23%, Japan 13%,
China, NZ (1997)
Imports—commodities: machinery and transport
equipment, computers and office machines,
telecommunication equipment and parts; crude oil and
petroleum products
CSIRO
The ICT sector is one of the fastest growing in the
economy with a sustained growth rate approaching
12% over the last five years.
It accounts for some $50 billion in sales with annual
exports close to $4 billion
Internet marketplace
An internet marketplace is a community of service providers
and customers who share infrastructure and services enabling
integrated service delivery across organizations (savings of
around $350 million over six years in Queensland State) .
High Performance Computing and Communication
High Performance Computing and Communications
Center (HPCCC), to allow scientists to tackle
complicated problems.
Virtual Environments
Interactive, virtual environments featuring visual,
auditory and haptic (touch) feedback have
applications in mining, medicine, industrial design,
manufacturing, pharmaceuticals and further
possibilities not yet imagined.
Distributed Software Architectures and Technologies
Expertise in analyzing and designing complex
distributed system architectures that take into
account such important attributes as reliability,
scalability, security, performance and transactional
integrity
Spatial Data Management
Strategic research, consultancy, development of
prototype and deployed systems, and proving new
applications.
Technologies for Electronic Documents
Systems which can manage and exploit electronic
resources
Current Research
Corporate Memory
Creating systems to capture and keep documents for all time and to
locate and use documents whenever necessary.
Internet Marketplaces
Deployment of new and improved service delivery via the Internet
by integrating information systems operated by very many business
units or enterprises.
Maximum Usability
Effectiveness of information systems by designing and
implementing fully engaging, fit-for-purpose intuitive interfaces.
Microwave Systems for Strategic Self-Reliance
To underpin the local development of advanced microwave system
technologies for "dual use" civilian and military applications.
Current Research
Networking for the Information Economy
Australian telecommunications costs are substantially higher than
other countries. Full participation in the global information
economy requires this cost disadvantage to be ameliorated. This will
be achieved by designing new networks which are cost competitive
and yet still provide the requisite quality of service.
Productivity Tools for Distributed Systems Engineering
CSIRO aims to reduce the risks and costs of building scalable
distributed information systems by inventing new methods and tools
that increase design and implementation productivity.
The Cato Institute, a US think tank, has ranked Hong Kong
and Singapore as the freest economies in the world.
Of the 123 countries and areas analyzed according to 2000
data, the world's 10 freest economies are Hong Kong,
Singapore, the United States, Britain, New Zealand,
Switzerland, Ireland, Australia, Canada and the Netherlands,
in that order.
Among Asian nations, Japan ranked 24th overall, Taiwan came
30th, India 73rd and mainland China 101st.
"Economic freedom advances economic growth, reduces
poverty and promotes other civil and political freedoms," said
Friedman. "It is also a tonic against terrorism because of the
opportunity it creates.
- Nobel laureate Milton Friedman
Singapore
Singapore is blessed with a highly developed and successful freemarket economy, a remarkably open and corruption-free business
environment, stable prices, and the fifth highest per capita GDP in
the world.
Exports, particularly in electronics and chemicals, and services are
the main drivers of the economy.
The government promotes high levels of savings and investment
through a mandatory savings scheme and spends heavily in
education and technology.
As Singapore looks to a future increasingly marked by
globalization, the country is positioning itself as the region's
financial and high-tech hub.
Total land area
682.3 sq km. Comprises one main island (604.2 sq km) and a
number of islets scattered off its north-east and south.
Total Population
4.13 million
Major trading partners:
Malaysia, USA, Japan, Hong Kong, China and People's Republic
of China
No of Internet dial-up subscribers:
1,948,007 (as at April 2002)
Major players in IT sectors
Major IT industries in Singapore include
• data storage (rigid disk drives, removable cartridge
drives, tape drives, and CD-ROM drives)
• consumer electronics
• computer systems (computers, mobile computers, highend servers, multimedia products, motherboards and
related sub-assemblies)
• Semiconductors (memory chips, ASICs,
microprocessors, and power ICs)
• Telecommunications (communication antennas, navigation
products)
• passive components and display devices.
Major players in IT sectors
Most of the competitors in these markets are not local
companies but rather multinational corporations which have
been attracted to set up operations in Singapore because of the
governments generous incentives.
In addition to these major multinationals there are a number of
local competitors which are making their mark in the IT
industry.
For example, Creative Technology is a local IT company that is
the worlds largest producer of sound cards. Many feel this
proves that Singapore companies are fully capable of being
successful in the world market.
Strengths of IT in Singapore
The work force of Singapore
Rated the best in Asia with Hong Kong and the Philippines
following behind
Infrastructure
Quite advanced and is continuously being upgraded.
Singapore's goal is to connect every home, office and school
with information technology
Nice location
If a company would like to establish a hub for distribution or
manufacturing, Singapore would be ideal because of its
infrastructure and proximity to the market (especially Asia).
Strengths of IT in Singapore
Domestic Market
Singapore's domestic market can be perceived as both a
strength and a weakness. As a strength, computers and
information technology are widely used throughout the
country. This allows manufacturers to receive feedback on
what customers are looking for in a product.
On the other hand, the domestic market in Singapore is quite
small with a population of 2.8 million. This limits the size and
growth potential of the markets and makes companies in
Singapore rely on exports to sustain growth.
Investment and R&D
Singapore attracts a substantial number of high-tech
companies and manufacturers. This is due in part to the
generous government incentives offered to foreign investors
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Indian Economy
Population
1,045,845,226 (July 2002 est.)
India's economy encompasses traditional village farming,
modern agriculture, handicrafts, a wide range of modern
industries, and a multitude of support services.
About a quarter of the population is too poor to be able to
afford an adequate diet.
India has large numbers of well-educated people skilled in
English language; India is a major exporter of software services
and software workers.
Some Strengths in IT
Center for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC)
High Performance Computing and Communications is one of
the key areas of research and development in C-DAC.
• Hardware Technologies Development
• System Software Development
• National PARAM Supercomputing Facility
• Application Development Programme
• Real Time Systems
The i-Grid supercomputing facility to be unveiled on 16th December will
have a high-speed processing of one teraflop at each of the location on a
network basis for optimal utilization of the bandwidth by several users in
diverse applications such as atmosphere and oceanography, weather
forecasting, fluid dynamics, space, bio-informatics and bio-computing,
besides nano-technology and nano-computing.
Some Strengths in IT
Centre for Electronics Design and Technology of India(CEDTI)
is a Autonomous Scientific Society of Dept. of IT, Ministry of
Communications & Information Technology, Govt. of India
State wide software Technology Parks
Statewide technological Institutes
To address the growing demand for trained manpower in the
extremely fast moving sector of Information Technology ,
several Training School are established which offers a variety
of course options in Software technologies, Enterprise System
Management, Geomatics, VLSI designs, Digital Multimedia,
and other Advanced Computer Education Programes
Some Strengths in IT
Information Technology today is recognized as as an effective
tool for catalyzing the economic activity in efficient governance
and in developing human resource.
As the era of Digital Economy evolves, the concept of good
Governance assumes a greater significance.
It is expected that in this context the Electronic Governance
will result in improved transparency, speedy information
dissemination, higher administrative efficiency and improved
public services in sectors including transportation, education,
power, health, water, security and the state administration and
municipal services.
e.g. eGovernance through Regional Languages
Group Discussion Topics
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How to Protect Intellectual Property and Fair Use ?
Is it good to hire an Hacker?
Will Machine Replace Humans? Some Consequences.
Internet Market Places