Transcript Medicina i njeni bogovi u staroj Mezopotamiji

Medicine in Ancient
Mesopotamia
Sources
The earliest recipies
• By the end of the
third millenium
b.c. medicine is
mentioned for the
first time
• 12 drugs described
• No eldritch forces
Ur-Lugaledin
• 2000 b.c.
• A royal physician UrLugaledin is shown
• Seal ring represents
two figures of a health
god, knives and
pounder as well as two
pots probably for
balms
Hymn to the goddess
Ninisina
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•
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•
Around 1750 b.c.
Godess Ninisina – The Lady of Isin
Afterwards named Gula and Bau
Many demons mentioned
Hammurabi’s code of law
• Around 1750 b.c.
• First centralized
health system in
history
• Physicians were well
rewarded and hardly
punished
Assurbanipal’s library
• Around 650 b.c.
• Library containing
over 650 medical
texts
• Many demons
and deities are
mentioned
Herodotus
• Around 450 b.c.
• Persian authority in
Mesopotamia
• There are no physicians
• Sick persons lie on the
squares
Health
care
Physicians
•
•
•
•
•
Ashipu - sorcerer
Asu
- physician
Baru
- diviner
Gallabu - barber
Veterinarian
• Medical schools in
Uruk and Borsippa
Hammurabi’s code of law
• A sliding scale based on ability to pay
and seriousness of the procedure
• Awelum paid most, mushkenum less.
The wardum's owner paid least for
successful procedure
• Unsuccessful procedure - of the higher
classes, hands were cut off - of the
slave, doctor had to get a new slave or
pay his full price
• Evidence of ophthalmologic surgeries
Gula's temples
• Temples in Isin,
Borsippa, Assur and
Nippur
• A place to thank gods
for healing
• No beds
• Diagnostic centres and
libraries
Gods and
demons
Ninisina or Gula
• The greatest godess
• Also known as Bau,
Ninkarrak, Nintinuga i
Meme
• Dog is her simbol