Transcript IMPLEMENTATION OF BETTER MANAGEMENT PRACTICES …

APPLICATION OF
BETTER MANAGEMENT PRACTICES (BMPs)
IN SMALL HOLDER SHRIMP FARMS
2002-2006
Arief Taslihan, Richard B. Callinan, Derek Foster,
Supito, Erick Sutikno, Lideman, and Saldyansah
BACKGROUND:
How important is BMP to be
implement?
WSD outbreaks have hammered Indonesian
farmers during the past decade
Because of WSD, most farmers must emergency
harvest their shrimp in the first 2 months post
stocking
and leave many thousands of hectares of ponds
(extensive, semi-intensive and intensive) idle
and unmanaged
Typical smallholder farmer
practices
Pond preparation
Ponds are not well
dried
Organic matter from
previous crops
accumulated in pond
bottom as rich organic
muddy soils
Removing blackish
mud soil just put
inside of the dike
Water pumping system without
prior treatment
Selection and stocking of fry
Ponds are stocked
with low quality PLs
which have not been
PCR tested
PL source hatchery is
unknown (untraceability)
Excessive stocking
density
Typical problems during grow out
Overpopulation of benthic macro
algae
Depletion of oxygen during early
morning
Resulting mass mortality,
presumably due to oxygen drop,
characterized by swollen opercula
Developing WSD outbreak
When shrimp survive until the 3rd
month, they frequently develop
black gill disease (fouling) followed
by low level mortality
Uneven growth
WSD
Benthic macro algae
‘Pinky disease’
In response, we
developed a BMP
program which we
then:
validated using ‘key
farmers’
extended farmer-tofarmer within farmer
groups
Objectives of the BMP program
To reduce the risk of white
spot disease in semi- intensive
shrimp ponds
To improve farmers’ shrimp
production
To alleviate poverty among
coastal communities
BMP program was built around
basic WSSV biosecurity for shrimp ponds
1.
2.
Stock PCR test negative
PLs
Keep the virus out of the
pond by setting a fencing
around the pond to
prevent introduction of
virus carrier
5 basic BMPs introduced in validation trials with
key farmers
Proper pond soil preparation
Water treatment : elimination
of WSSV carriers
Providing good quality seed,
including two step PCR test
negative for WSDV (OIE
standard procedure)
Proper water quality
management: providing
paddle wheels as oxygen
stabilizer
Better feed management
Jepara validations of BMP (July 2002- August
2003)
Percent
successful: 67%
No. of
ponds
Success*
Failure
Remarks
6
4
2
High salinity
stress triggered
WSSV
outbreak during
first trial
Implementation of BMP at farmers
level
Location I: Sidoarjo
Total East Java implementation 2003-2006
Pond
Location
Total
ponds
Successfull crop
(Ponds)
Failure
crop
(Ponds)
Candi sub
district,
Sidoarjo district
19
18
1
4
4
0
Prolong of dry season
caused failure due to
less water exchange
Tanggulangin
sub. district,
Sidoarjo district
6
3
4
3
2
0
Failure due to flood on
day 75 of culture
Duduk
Sampean
sub.district
Gresik district
5
14
4
14
1
0
Failure due to flood on
day 85 of culture
Soil quality support successful crop
White: semi-intensive; yellow: traditional
Remarks
Program dissemination at Sidoarjo
Location II: South Sulawesi trials
2003-2005
Result of South Sulawesi trials
Pond
location
No. of
ponds
success
Failure
Remarks
Pinrang
4
2
2
WSD; excessive stocking
density, over loaded
Pangkep
4
0
4
Semi-intensive
Extensive
Farm layout and local
environment made
biosecurity
unmanageable
Maros
1
0
1
Crop loss due to acid soil
Percent successful: 12%
Acid soil ponds, Maros case study
9
Morning
8.5
Afternoon
7.5
7
6.5
6
85
79
73
67
61
55
49
43
37
31
25
19
13
7
1
5.5
Day of culture
130
110
90
70
50
Alkalinity
Day of culture
85
79
73
67
61
55
49
43
37
31
25
19
13
7
30
1
Alkalinity (mg/l)
pH
8
Premature harvest at day 95,
without WSSV accident due to
low water quality
Location III: Praya, West Nusatenggara
(July – September 2006)
Implementation: July 2005 – September 2006
Total trial
pond
Successfull*
Failure
4
4 (100%)
0
Problems
High salinity
(~42 ppt)
Performance of trial pond at Peras,
Central Lombok District, West Nusatenggara
Parameter
2
Pond area (m )
2
Stocking density (Pl’s/m )
DOC (days)
Production (Kg/pond)
Production
(Kg/ha)
per
Size (shrimp/kg)
FCR
Survival rate (%)
hectare
Pond 1
Pond 2
5000
4000
2
2
60.000 (12 Pl’s/m )
50.000 (12 Pl’s/ m )
129
129
904.5
891.5
1.809
2.228
63
47
1:1.5
1:1.6
95
84
Performance of dissemination
program 2002-2006
Total
ponds
76
Success full Loss crop Percentage
crop
61
15
80%
Workshop on BMP implementation
6-8 March 2006 in Surabaya
At the end of the project
implementation, a three days
workshop was conducted at
Surabaya
BMP based experience in
shrimp ponds was presented
during the workshop
Workshop was participated 82
participants consisted of DGA
staff, provincial and district
fisheries agencies, farmers
and stake holders
Continuing farmers participation on
BMP implementation of post project
Area for BMP
implementation has
developed to > 30 Ha
in Gresik
Strong participation of
key farmers take
important role in BMP
implementation in the
area
Expand farmer’s participation to
implement BMP in Gresik district
30
25
Semiintensive
Traditional
20
15
10
5
0
2004
2005
2006
2007
Emerging lessons
Key farmer character
influenced program
success
Local farm environmental

conditions and biosecurity
issues must be
considered for program to
succeed
Conclusions
Implementation of BMP program is likely to
be successful only where the following
conditions are satisfied:
1. Local environment is suitable for extensive
and semi-intensive shrimp culture and allows
farm bio-security
2. Hatcheries and reliable PCR test facilities are
available locally
3. Farmers are enthusiastic about participating
and are organized into groups; key farmer
choice is critical
4. District/provincial government (Dinas
Perikanan) must support program
5. Extension support from private sector is also
important
Extension material
Books and VCDs have distributed to farmers around Java, Aceh, Riau,
South Sulawesi, West Nusatenggara and East Kalimantan provinces