Transcript Social Protection in the Caribbean:

Social Protection in the
Caribbean:
Processes, Lessons Learnt and
Institutional Context of Jamaica
The Jamaican National
Context
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NATIONAL STATISTICS
 Population: 2,607,632. (STATIN) (2001)
 Unemployment Rate: 9.6%
October 2006
 Inflation Rate April 2006 –
April 2007 +6.1%
 GDP $9.23 Billion (2006 Est.)
 Per Capita Income US$$3,700
(2001)
DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS

Human Development Index value: 0.724

Life Expectancy:70.4 years

Combined gross enrollment for primary
secondary and tertiary schools (%): 76.9

Enrolment at the primary level (%): 91 (2004)

Fertility Rate: 2.4 (2000 – 2005)

HIV Prevalence (% ages 15 – 49 years): 1.5
(2005)

Literacy Rate (%): 79.9 (2004)

Earned income of female: US$3,027

Earned Income of male: US$5,327
Source:Human Development Report, 2006, UNDP,
http://hdr.undp.org/hdr2006/statistics/countries/data_sheets
/cty_ds_JAM.html
Jamaica Poverty Indicators
 National Poverty head count as a
percentage of population:
18.7%
 Rural Poverty Head Count as a
percentage of population:
25.1%
 Urban Poverty Head Count as a
percentage of population:
12.8%
Source:Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, March
2006,
http://www.fao.org/faostat/foodsecurity/Countries/EN/Jamaica_e.
pdf
Gender and Poverty in Jamaica

In 2000, mean household size of the poorest quintile was 5.3 and 2.2 in the
richest. (PIOJ, Survey of Living Conditions (SLC) 2000)
 Of the total number of individuals living below the poverty line, 50.7% are males
and 49.3% females. (PIOJ, Survey of Living Conditions (SLC) 1999)
 Females head approximately 42.1 per cent of the total number of
households. In general these households have higher mean numbers
of children and adult females than male-headed households, and
also have relatively low consumption status. (ibid.)
According to the SLC 1998, of the number of single parent households living in
poverty, 66.1% are headed by females with only 33.9% being headed by males.
 Over 60% of University graduates in Jamaica are women. (King, 1998)

REPORT ON MILLENIUM
DEVELOPMENT GOALS
(PIOJ, 2004)
REPORT ON MILLENIUM
DEVELOPMENT GOALS (cont’d)
JAMAICA’S RESPONSE TO POVERTY
The National Poverty Eradication
Programme
 Major Impacts on Jamaican Poverty
 Oil Crisis of 1970’s which heralded debt crisis of the 90’s
 Standard of living negatively affected by structural adjustment policies
 Financial Crisis of the 90’s
 Rising debt and reduced Capital expenditure ceilings (0.76c per J$1.00 is
paid in debt)
The National Poverty Eradication
Programme (NPEP)
 The NPEP was developed in 1995 with 3 broad objectives:
 Promote Economic growth and social development
 Reduce the number of persons below the poverty line in
targeted communities
 Eradicate Absolute Poverty in the long run
The National Poverty Eradication
Programme
 The NPEP sought to achieve two main objectives:
 Introduce policy and institutional framework for the wide array of
initiatives that address poverty
 Bring socio economic coordination and cohesiveness
 The Guiding principles of the NPEP are:
 Integration
 Community Based Development
 Partnership
 Sustainability
 Visit the site @ www.npep.org.jm
The National Poverty Eradication
Programme
 Principal Areas of the NPEP:
 Welfare Sector
 Education Sector
 Health Sector
 Infrastructure
 Housing Sector
 Labor Market
 Agricultural Sector
 Broad based Programme
 Non Government Organization Sector
The Priorities are:
Geographic targeting / Integrated Community
Development
2. Unemployed Youth and families with children in Low income Groups
3. Safety Nets / Income Transfers
4. Building the “Enabling Environment”
1.
Institutional Mapping
General Population
Line Ministry/
Organisation
Programmes
Areas of Focus
Intended
Strengths
Beneficiaries
1. All Jamaicans
Services available in
most communities
1. Illiterate
adults
2. High School
Drop-outs
3. School
leavers 17
years
To provide a cadre of
literate workers for
labour force
GOVERNMENT
Health
Education and
Youth
1.
Public Health
Services
1.
Health centres and
hospitals
2.
National Health
Fund
2.
Regular check ups and
medical attention for
affected
3. Jamaica HIV/STI
Prevention and
Programme
1. Life Long
Learning
2. HISEP
3. HEART/NTA
1. Remedial Education
2. High School Diplomas
3. Skills training
Labour and
Social Security
1.
2.
PATH
NIS
1. Conditional cash transfer
2. Financial protection to
workers and their
families
1.
Office of the
Prime Minister
/Cabinet
1.
2.
3.
SESP
NHT
ODPEM
1. Goods and services for
the needy
2. Housing solution
3. Disaster preparedness
and relief
1. Destitute
families
2. All eligible
Jamaicans
Vulnerable
families
Wide variety of skills
/job placement
General Population
Line Ministry/
Organisation
Programmes
Areas of Focus
Intended
Beneficiaries
Strengths
All underserved people
Efficient distribution
system throughout the
island
NON – GOVERNMENTAL ORGANISATIONS
Food for the Poor
Goods and services
1.
2.
3.
4.
Provide homes
Medical care
Food for schools
School furniture
ADRA
Emergency relief before
and after natural disaster
1. Encourage proactive
attitude towards
hurricane
preparedness
2. Empowerment
towards self care
3. Quality response
team
4. Counselling
People affected by
natural disaster
Network of volunteers
across the island
Service Organisations
(Optimist, Rotaract
Clubs)
Goods and services
including advocacy
1. Encourage proactive
attitude towards
hurricane
preparedness
2. Empowerment
towards self care
3. Quality response
team
4. Counselling
Persons in need
Display good corporate
services responsibility
Children
Line Ministry/
Organisation
Programmes
Areas of Focus
Intended
Beneficiaries
Strengths
Health
1. Pubic Health
Services
2. CDA
Health fees and similar
costs waved within
public institution except
UHWI
Children 0 – 17 years
Free Health care
services since May 2007
Education and Youth
1. JPSco’ School
Feeding Programme
Proper nutrition for
learning
Needy children in basic
school across the island
Implemented March
2004.
serves more 180
children in 14 parishes
Labour and Social
Security
ILO - IPEC
Withdraw children from
hazardous work and
prevent others from
joining the workforce
Child labourers
Ability to strengthen
Jamaica’s capacity to
eliminate child labour
GOVERNMENT
Children
Line Ministry/
Organisation
Programmes
Intended
Beneficiaries
Strengths
Protection of the most
defenceless in any
community
Abandoned and
handicapped children
Cares for over 22o
children in Jamaica,
Nicaragua, Haiti and the
Dominican Republic
Areas of Focus
NON – GOVERNMENTAL ORGANISATION
Mustard Seed
1.
2.
3.
4.
Housing projects
Community projects
Economic projects
Homes for pregnant
teenagers
Children First
1. Educational
2. Recreational
Improve life chance of
children at risk and
enhance the possibility
of them making positive
contribution to society
Street children and
children with
Serve approximately 620
children ages 3-18
Largest of its kind in
Jamaica
UNICEF
1. Children and
violence
2. Children rights
The rights of children
Children in need
International network
Youth at Risk
Line Ministry/
Organisation
Programmes
Areas of Focus
Intended
Beneficiaries
Health
Adolescents
Reproductive Health
Sexual health
Adolescents
Education and
Youth
1. National Youth
Service
2. JAMVAT
3. HEART Trust NTA
Internship and job
experience
1. Adolescents
2. Tertiary students
Availability of
community based
Programme
Labour and
Social Security
1. LMIS
1. General information
and Data Analysis
2. Electronic Labour
Exchange
3. Related Services
1. Secondary and
tertiary students
2. Programme
developers
3. Job seekers among
others
Capacity to facilitate
oversees employment
Office of the
Prime Minister
/Cabinet
1. CSI
1. Violence reduction
2. Job experience and
internship
3. Scholarships
Adolescents and
unattached youth
Human Resource
capacity
Strengths
GOVERNMENT
Youth at Risk
Line Ministry/
Organisation
Programmes
Intended
Beneficiaries
Strengths
Information
dissemination to support
sustainable development
Inner city un-employed
youth ages 17 -25
Facilitating
communication
between public private
and NGOs to local and
international sources of
information on
sustainable development
Education
Adolescents
Over 2000 adolescents
from 21 cooperate area
school registered
Areas of Focus
NON - GOVERNMENT ORGANISATION
JSDN
1.
2.
Youth Inclusion
through ICT
Training for
disadvantaged
youth
YOU
1.
2.
3.
4.
UNICEF
1. HIV/AIDS
2. Sexual education
1. Reproductive/
Sexual health
1. Youth with
disabilities
2. Youth
1. International
funding
JAS for Life
1. Distribute packages
2. Distribute
Medication
3. Provide Referrals
1. HIV/AIDS Support
1. People living with
HIV/AIDS
1. Assistance to poor
persons in need
Parenting education
Mentoring
Career Guidance
Advocacy and Public
Education
Women at Risk
Line Ministry/
Organisation
Programmes
Areas of Focus
Intended
Beneficiaries
Strengths
Health
PMTCT
Prevention of mother to
child transmission of
HIV/STI
Pregnant and lactating
women
Mother to child
transmission reduced
from 25% - 5%
Labour and
Social Security
Women’s Crisis Centre
1. Eradicate violence
against women
Teenage mothers and
victimised/abused
women
1. Support island wide
2. Boost self esteem
and empowerment
for motherhood
CISOCA
Prevention of sexual
violence across Jamaica
Battered women and
girls
Centres established
island wide
120 trained staff
GOVERNMENT
National
Security
Women at Risk
Line Ministry/
Organisation
Programmes
Areas of Focus
Intended
Beneficiaries
Strengths
NON – GOVERMENTAL ORGANISATION
Women Inc
1. Crisis centre
2. Shelter
Promote welfare of
women
Abused women
Availability of 24 hrs
telephone hotline to
women and young girls
YWCA
1. Housing for Women
2. Rural Family
Support
Organisation
1. Shelter for women
in need
2. Family life education
1. Battered women
2. Teen-age mothers
Success in the
recruitment and
retention of street
children
WROC
1.
2.
3.
4.
Sexual violence against
women and girls
Abused women
Jamaica-Kidz
PACT
Trafficking in persons
Young women 14 -24
years
Clinics
Counselling
Charities
Research
programmes
The Jamaica Social Investment Fund
Investing for
Community
Development
BACKGROUND
 The Jamaica Social Investment Fund (JSIF)
was established in December 1996.
 The JSIF is an autonomous government
company designed to provide investments
in community based projects island-wide.
MANDATE
 Address some of the most pressing socio-
economic
needs
of
the
poorest
communities.
 Channel
resources
to
small
scale
community based projects.
 Assist in empowering communities through
participation.
AREAS OF INTERVENTION

The JSIF promotes, appraises, finances
and supervises sub-projects in the
following areas:
1. Social Infrastructure
2. Economic Infrastructure
3. Social Services
4. Organisational Strengthening
The Jamaica Social Investment Fund
Line Ministry/
Organisation
Project
Areas of Focus
Intended
Beneficiaries
Strengths
Ministry of
Finance
1.
2.
3.
4.
Social and
economic
infrastructure
1. Women
2. Children
3. Young
adults
4. Persons
with
disabilities
5. Senior
citizens
6. Inner city
Jamaicans
Building social
capital
Community
participation in
community
development
BNTF
NCDP
EUPRP
ICBSP
Structure of Government (Influence
and Contact Diagram)
1
2
Government of Jamaica
3
4
MINISTRY OF FINANCE AND PLANNING
5
Board of Directors
6
Managing Director
PARLIAMENT
CABINET
JAMAICA SOCIAL INVESTMENT FUND
Managers
7
8
9
ICBSP
Demand Driven
EUPRP
NCDP
Community Based
Contracting
BNTF
Pre-selected
TARGETED POPULATIONS AND COMMUNITIES
Approved JSIF investments
Type
Total Cost
Number
Roads
$1,626,180,464
152
Schools
$1,812,491,322
388
Community Centres
& other Community
Spaces
$316,066,722
57
Water and Sanitation
$534,426,141
72
Homes for Children
and the Elderly
$65,426,141
25
Organisational
Strengthening
$94,016,654
106
Health Centres
$146,024,951
22
Other
$687,918,193
155
Total
$5,282,963,481
977
The Registry System
The Jamaican Context
Registrar General
 Responsible for registration of:
 births
 Foetal deaths/Still births
 Deaths
 Marriages
Government Programmes
 Each sub programme has own unique system of registration
however we will focus on two main programmes:


Programme Advancement Through Health and Education (PATH)
National Insurance Scheme (NIS)
Programme for Advancement
Through Health and Education
To become a registered beneficiary one
must:
 Be a qualified applicant
 A Proxy Means Test for Jamaica – developed by the
Government of Jamaica for selection of beneficiaries under
PATH and will be eventually used for other social
programmes
Registration continued...
Submit all the required
documentation
 Children under 17 years of age
 Birth Certificate
 A affidavit from a Justice of the Peace or
Minister of Religion
 Adults 18 years and over
 Birth certificate, passport, voter’s
identification or driver’s liscence or any
other valid identification showing date of
birth
 All family members
 Food stamp registration card, (if any)
 Poor relief registration card (if any)
 Qualified education applicants
 Certification that the applicant is
currently registered, from the school
principal
 Qualified Pregnant and lactating
applicants
 Certification from a doctor or nurse of a
public hospital or health centre, stating
that the applicant is pregnant or lactating
and the expected (or occurred) date of
delivery.
 Qualified Disability applicants
 Certification from a doctor or the
National Council for Persons with
Disabilities, or nurse of a hospital or
health centre, stating that the applicant is
currently and permanently disabled and
the nature of disability.
.../
 Attend enrolment
/verification
 Qualified applicants are invited
through letters to attend designated
locations for enrolment
 Take along the proper
documentation as stated above
 Sign the contract letter
Compliance
 All beneficiaries of PATH are
required to comply with the health
and educational conditionalities:
 HEALTH
 register in a Government Health
Centre and maintain a prescribed
schedule of visits
 EDUCATION
 children must be registered in
schools and maintain a school
attendance record of a minimum
of 85% of the number of days
that the school is open per
month
Value of PATH Benefits
 The value of the benefits is as follows:
1. J$300.00 per month in year 1
2. J$375.00 per month in Year 2
3. J$500.00 per month in Year 3 and subsequent years
National Insurance Scheme (NIS)
A compulsory contributory funded social security
scheme that offers financial protection to the
worker and his family against loss of income arising
from injury on the job, incapacity, retirement and
death of the insured. NIS is governed by the
National Insurance Act and Regulations, and
administered by the Ministry of Labour and Social
Security, through its network
of 13 parish offices
Registering under the Scheme
 Every person 18 years and above is required to register
 Males should be between the ages of 18 and 65 years
 Females between 18 and 60 years.
 Insurable
 Ministry maintains a Life Record that comprises of :
 The insured's national insurance number
 The insured's name
 The employer(s) name and reference number(s)
 The number of weeks worked
 The joint employee/employer contributions
Why contribute to the NIS
 Compulsory contributory social
security system stipulated by the
National Insurance Act and
Regulations, 1965
 Payment of contributions makes the
contributor or his/her beneficiary
eligible for benefits under the
scheme
 The total number of weekly
contributions determines the level
of benefits paid at retirement or
during his/her lifetime
Benefits of the scheme:
 Retirement
 Widow/Widowers
 Invalidity
 Special child
 Orphan
 Employment injury
 Anniversary pensioners
 Funeral grants
“One-One cocoa full basket”
Programmes are many and varied
fulfilling the goals and objectives of
NPEP. No one programme will meet
all the needs for assistance and services
however, collectively and if properly
coordinated they may be able to
successfully do so.