Transcript Slide 1
CHEMISTRY 161 Chapter 1 Chemistry arabic: al-kimya greek: khymeia latin: chimica ‘FUSION’ ~ 3,500 BC Solar System Chemistry Chemistry in Space Amino Acids Sugars Star Formation Star Destruction ASTROBIOLOGY PROPERTIES OF MATTER physical density color odor chemical EXPERIMENT I (determine w/o destruction of matter) reactivity (determine w/ destruction of matter) STATE CHEMICAL REACTION EXPERIMENT II decomposition (water) EXPERIMENT IV EXPERIMENT III combination from two or more elements (exception: ozone O3) ELEMENTS 1. cannot be decomposed by chemical means 2. different elements have different properties EXPERIMENT V 3. each element is assigned a unique chemical symbol (one or two letters) (common language) BOOK (112/114/116) a) first letter is always capitalized b) all remaining letter(s) are lower case Measurements measurements are numerical (quantitative) observations how much? weight; volume; speed; energy; density; distance qualitative observations what? color, small Measurements number error* *uncertainty unit SI base unit measurement length mass time electrical current temperature amount of substance luminous intensity unit meter gram second ampere Kelvin mole candela symbol m g s A K mol cd all units are derived from 7 SI base units derived units area length width volume length width height velocity distance / time acceleration velocity / time Force [N] acceleration mass Pressure [Pa; mbar, torr] 760 torr ~ 1013 mbar ~ 105 Pa force / area Measurements number unit 50 m s-1 300,000,000 m s-1 Decimal Multipliers prefix symbol factor power of 10 mega M 1000000 106 kilo k 1000 103 deci d 0.1 10-1 centi c 0.01 10-2 milli m 0.001 10-3 1000 g 0.01 g 0.001 g Conversion Measurement English to Metric Metric to English Length 1 ‘’ = 2.54 cm 1 m = 39.37 in. 1 yd = 0.9144 m 1 km = 0.6215 mile 1 mile = 1.609 km Mass 1 lb = 453.6 g 1 kg = 2.205 lb 1 oz = 28.35 g Volume 1 gal = 3.785 L 1 L = 1.057 qt 1 pt = 946.4 mL 1 oz (fluid) = 29.6 mL 1 L = 1000 mL = 1000 cm3 NASA-Mars Polar Lander Temperature 0K -273 OC T[K] = T[oC] + 273 EXPERIMENT VI Measurements number error unit measuring device inaccurate reading multiple measurements average (statistics) EXPERIMENT VII Significant Digits T = 24.3 ºC (3 significant digits) T = 24.32 ºC (4 significant digits) 0.034 K 3.4 10-2 0.0340 K 3.40 10-2 Summary 1.Compounds & elements 2.SI units and conversion of units 3. errors 4. number of significant digits