Transcript Development and Application Experience with 80 ksi (552

Development, Specifications, and
Application Experience with 80 ksi
(552 MPa) Linepipe
by
J. Malcolm Gray
Paper presented at the ABM Annual Congress
Vitoria, Brasil 23 July 2007
Overview
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Introduction
Application
Metallurgical Approaches
Chemical Compositions
Specifications
Weldability
Fracture Control
Figure 1. Development periods for high strength linepipe
Figure 2. Increase in North American natural gas pipeline operating pressures1)
Macro Trends
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Higher Pressures
Thicker Wall
Higher Toughness
Lower Carbon
Higher Alloy Contents
Need for updated specifications.
Cost pressures due to steel prices.
Globalization of manufacture.
millions of km
Figure 3. Progress in adopting X-80 Steel.
Table III
Type
C
Mn
Nb
V
Ti
Mo
Cr
Other
0.05/0.12
1.50/1.65
0.05
0.08
0.01
-
-
0.06
1.50/1.70
0.06
-
0.02
-
-
0.04
1.70
0.09
-
0.02
0.30
-
Cu + Ni
0.03/0.06
1.65
0.09
-
0.01
-
0.30
Cu + Ni
Nb – V
Nb – Ti
Nb - Mo
Nb – Cr
Figure 4. Comparison of HAZ hardnesses for mechanized welds in
Nb-Mo, Nb-Cr & Nb-V Steel.
Table IV
Chemical Compositions of X-80 Pipe Use For Recent Projects
Steel
Type
C
Mn
Si
Nb
V
Ti
Cr
Mo
Cu
Ni
N
Pcm
Nb-V
0.104
1.71
0.33
0.041
0.092
0.007
0.04
-
0.05
0.04
0.004
0.22
Nb-Cr
0.04
1.58
0.13
0.098
-
0.011
0.24
-
0.20
0.10
0.004
0.15
Nb-Mo
0.03
1.68
0.27
0.095
-
0.019
0.03
0.30
0.30
0.12
0.010
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
No prior use of X-70/80 acicular ferrite steels.
Lack of knowledge or confidence.
Isolation.
Committee squabbling.
Copy and paste mentality at Engineering
companies.
(f) No platform for change.
(g) Bureaucratic inertia.
(h) Long term bad habits.
Table V
Summary of EWI Microalloying Recommend Chemical Composition Limits
Figure 5. Comparison of limits for vanadium and niobium for different pipe
grades.
Nb-Mo
17-22 KJ/cm
Figure 6. HAZ hardness as a function of heat input and Pcm.
450
400
'
350
mean flow stress (MPa)
300
X70 NbV
250
200
X70 MoNb
150
X80 HiNb HTP
100
50
0
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
Rolling temperature (°C)
Figure 7. Comparison of mean hot rolling flow stress – X70 and X80 steels8)
Cheyenne Plains (CIG) girth welding procedure
Pass
Root bead
Hot Pass
Fill and Cap Passes
Electrode
E6010
E9010-P1
E9018M and/or E101T1-GM
Diameter
0.125-0.156” (3.2-4.0 mm)
0.156-0.188 (4.0-4.8 mm)
0.045 (1.1 mm)
Shielding gas
75/25 % Ar/CO2
Preheat
150°F (66°C)
Repair preheat
250°F (121°C)
Development of Blended Approach
to Defect Acceptance Criteria
(Shaded area was adopted by the
project)
Figure 15. Defect acceptance levels for Cheyenne Plains X-80 Girth Welds.
Figure 16. Fracture Arrest Predictions: Recent Analyses for X-100
Project History for X-80 Linepipe
Project
Megal II
Transit Gas Pipeline
Empress Comp. Station
Weme to Schluchtem Pipeline
Eastern Alberta Mahtzwin
Central Main Line Loop
Eastern Main Line Loop
Peters Green to South Mimms
Drointon-Sutton on the Hill
Hatton to Silk Willoughby
Canadian Resources Steam
Roma to Brisbane
Cambridge to Matching Green
St. Fergus to Aberdeen
Bacton to Kings Lynn
Aberdeen to Lochside
Cheyenne Plains
Ganstead to Asselby
Herbrandston to Derwen Fawr
Milford Haven to Aberdulais
Felindre to Brecon to Tirley
Pannal to Nether Kellet
Asselby to Pannal
Owner
Location
Megal
Germany
Czechoslovakia
Alberta, Canada
Germany
Eastern Alberta, Canada
Central Alberta, Canada
Eastern Alberta,Canada
UK
UK
UK
Canada
Roma-Brisbane Australia
UK
UK
UK
UK
USA
UK
UK
UK
UK
UK
UK
NOVA (TCPL)
RuhrGas
NOVA
TCPL
TCPL
Transco
Transco
Transco
Canadian Resources
APT
Transco
Transco
Transco
Transco
CIG
Transco
Transco
Transco
Transco
Transco
Transco
Diameter
in.
44
56
42
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
24
16
48
48
48
48
36
48
48
48
48
48
48
mm
DN 1100
DN 1422
DN 1050
DN 1200
DN 1200
DN 1200
DN 1200
DN 1200
DN 1200
DN 1200
DN 600
DN 400
DN 1200
DN 1200
DN 1200
DN 1200
DN 915
DN 1200
DN 1200
DN 1200
DN 1200
DN 1200
DN 1200
W.T.
Length
MAOP
mm
14
16
11
18.4/19.3
12.1
12.0/16.0
12.0/16.0
15.1/21.8
25.4
8.83
14.3/20.6
15.1/21.8
14.3/20.6
15.9/22.9
11.8/16.9
14.3/20.6
?
?
?
14.3/20.6
14.3/20.6
Km
3.2
1.5
1.6
250
54
91
27
1
25
112
18
16
46
72
69
50
618
52
60
120
180
93?
62
MPa
9.37
9.89
8.1
10.0
8.65
8.65
8.65
7.5
7.5
7.5
10.2
7.5
7.0
7.5
8.4
10.0
7.0
?
?
?
?
?
%
SMYS
Year
72
72
80
62
80
80
80
1985
1985
1990
1992-3
1994
1997
1997
1998
2000
2001
2001
2001
2002
2002
2003
2004
2004
2006
2007/8
2007/8
2007/8
2007/8
2007/8
72
72
?
?
?
?
?
Production History 0.10% Niobium HTP Steel
Project
Year
Company
Country
Product
Grade
Wall
thickness
(mm)
11.8
Tons
15.7
35000
X65
20.0
18000
X70 sour
gas
22.6
65000
TCPL
1972Present
Ipsco
Canada
Coil and
Pipe
X-70/80
TCPL, Hearst
Ontario
1982
Canada
Plate
Pipe
Iroquois Project
1990
Algoma Steel
Canadian
Phoenix
Stelco
Canada
Pipe
Cantarell
1998
Mittal Steel
PMT
Mexico
Slab, Plate,
Pipe
Cameron Highway,
offshore
2003
Azov Stal Steel
Ukraine
Plate
X-65
18.0
Welspun
India
Pipe
X-65
18.0
11.8
Cheyenne Plains
2004
Oregon Steel
Mills/Napa Pipe
USA
Plate, Coil,
Pipe
X80
1st West-East Gas
Pipeline
2004
Bao Steel
China
Plate and
Coil
X70
Anshan Steel
China
Plate
X70
Julong Pipe
China
Pipe
X70
Europipe
Germany
Pipe
X70
30000
Independence Trail,
offshore
2005
Azov Stal
Welspun
Ukraine
India
Plate
X70
30.9
TCPL
2005
Azov Stal
Welspun
Ukraine
India
Plate
Pipe
X-75 (X80)
22.0
Gulf South
2006
Nanjing Steel
China
Plate and
Coil
Rockies Express
20072009
Oregon Steel
USA
Coil
X-80
X70/X80
35000
14.3/15.9
800
20)
Figure 17
Figure 18. Relationship between maximum thinning strain ef and Charpy energy