Transcript Elimination The Gastrointestinal and Genitourinary Systems

ELIMINATION
THE
GASTROINTESTINAL
AND
GENITOURINARY
SYSTEMS
Lisa Flatt, RN, MSN, CHPN
THE GI TRACT

Lower GI tract
 The
Large intestine consists of:
 ____________
 ____________
 ____________
Sigmoid Colon
 Rectum & Anus
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QUESTIONS
Where does the majority of bowel absorption
take place?_____________________
 Can you voluntarily contract and relax the anal
sphincters?_____________________
 Is the GI tract sterile?_____________
 Where is the peritoneum?_________
 Is the peritoneal area sterile?_______
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FUN FACTS!
Surgery that involves the bowel is considered
“unclean” because the bowel contents and
flora contain a large amount of bacteria, that if
spread to the peritoneum cause peritonitis.
 How would a patient develop peritonitis if they
have abdominal surgery – that does not involve
the bowel? (like a C-section)
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ALL ABOUT POOP
Feces/fecal matter/bowel movement /stool–
what are some other terms patients may use?
 “Normal stool” is soft, firm, brown and formed
 Abnormal consistency: diarrhea, constipated
(hard, rock-like), flakey, fulminant, frothy, liquid
 “Abnormal” colors: white, yellow, green, red,
black, clay-colored, chalk-colored
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6 PROBLEMS WITH INTESTINAL ELIMINATION
THE GU TRACT
Kidneys
 Ureters
 Bladder
 Urethra

THE COMPLICATED & CONVOLUTED KIDNEY
Nephron – the functional unit of the kidney
 Glomeruli- filters wastes; absorption, resorption
and reabsorption of fluids & electrolytes =
initial production of urine
 Loop of Henle – tubular system in the glomeruli
(descending & ascending) that transport the
urine, it starts as H2O and becomes more
acidic as it moves down the loop

QUESTIONS
What is the difference between the male and
female urethra?________________________
 What does UTI stand for?________________
 Is a UTI in a male or female considered an
emergency and very serious? _________
Why?_____________________________
 Is the Urinary Tract sterile?____________
 Is urinary function usually decreased as a result of
the loss of one kidney?_________

MORE QUESTIONS…….
Define Pyelonephritis __________________
 Can upper urinary tract infections be
considered life-threatening?_____________
 Are lower UTI’s more common in men or
women?_____________________
 How are they treated?______________
 What are some drug classifications used to
treat UTI’s?___________
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ALL ABOUT PEE
Urine/Making water/ pee pee/ wee wee – can
you think of any other names?
 “Normal” appearance – clear and light yellow in
color
 “Abnormal” findings - blood, sediment, mucus
or calculi (stones), brown color, foul smelling,
sluggish (thick)

QUESTIONS
What can dark colored urine
indicate?_____________
 What if urine is bloody/red colored?_______
 Who is at the highest risk for urinary retention?
____Why?__________________
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7 PROBLEMS WITH URINARY ELIMINATION
FACTORS THAT AFFECT GI AND GU ELIMINATION
Sex
 Age & Developmental Level
 Individual Preferences and patterns (dietary
habits)
 Physical condition
 Cultural, spiritual and/or religious factors
 Socioeconomic factors
 Environmental factors
 Psychological factors

BABY POOP – AND PEE PEE

Turn to page 33 in your workbook
CHILDREN ELIMINATION

Turn to page 34
ADULT ELIMINATION

Turn to page 34 and 35
FACTORS AFFECTION ELIMINATION
How do the various stages of life affect
elimination?_________________________
 What affect can activity have on intestinal
elimination?_________________________
 What affect does physical condition have on
intestinal elimination?__________________
 What affect does diet have on intestinal
elimination?__________________________
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IMPLICATIONS……
PAGE 35-39
NURSING ASSESSMENT OF THE GI SYSTEM
NURSING ASSESSMENT OF THE GU SYSTEM
PROBLEM
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WHAT TO DO
Constipation
Diarrhea
Fecal impaction
Flatulence
Incontinence
Helminths
PROBLEMS, PROBLEMS, PROBLEMS
PROBLEM
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WHAT TO DO
Frequency
Nocturia
Urgency
Dysuria
Enuresis
Incontinence
Retention
Polyuria
PROBLEMS, PROBLEMS, PROBLEMS
DISEASE/CONDITION
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UTI –
BPH –
Incontinence –
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CAUSE AND TREATMENT
Functional
Overflow
Reflex
Total
Retention –
Urinary suppression -
DISEASES/CONDITIONS OF THE URINARY TRACT
DISEASES/CONDITION OF THE GI TRACT
NURSING PROMOTION OF GI & GU ELIMINATION
PG 45