Transcript Baltic Sea PSSA

Baltic Sea PSSA
Olof Linden
University of Kalmar
&
World Maritime University
Protection of Baltic environment
• HELCOM network of ”Baltic Sea Protected
Areas”
• European Union Natura 2000 network of
biogeographic sites
• WWF Baltic Ecoregion
• Birdlife International network of
”Important Bird Areas”
• IMO 10th PSSA
PSSA Concept and History (IMO)
• Discussions started late 1970’s
• ”Guidelines for the Designation of Special Areas
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and the Identifation of Particularly Sensitive
Areas” adopted in 1991
Associated Protective Measures
Legal framework is UNCLOS
Key IMO Instruments (MARPOL 73/78, SOLAS
74)
Several other international legal instruments
Baltic a ”Special Area” under
MARPOL 73/78
• Limited or prohibited discharge of specific
pollutants under Annex I, II, V, and VI
• PSSA and Special Areas are not mutually
exclusive
• PSSA may be within a Special Area and
vice versa
Examples of APM currently in Force
• Recommended and
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compulsory pilotage
Mandatory Reporting
Mnadatory Traffic
Surveillance
Deep Water Route
Areas to be Avoided
ATBA-vessels carrying oil
&/or hazardous liquids in
bulk
• Discharge prohibitions
• Reporting obligation for
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single hull tankers
carrying heavy grade fuel
oils
Mandatory Ship Reporting
MARPOL Special Area
MARPOL SOx Emission
Control Area
Ecological Criteria for Designating
PSSA
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Uniqueness or rarity
Critical habitat
Dependecy
Representativeness
Diversity
Productivity
Spawning and
Breeding grounds
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Naturalness
Integrity
Fragility
Bio-geographic
importance
Criteria for Designating PSSA
Social, Cultural and
Economic Criteria
- Social or Economic
Dependency
- Human Dependency
- Cultural Heritage
Scientific and
Educational Criteria
- Research
- Baseline for
monitoring studies
- Education
MEPC Evaluation of PSSA Proposals
• Step 1. Conditions
• Step 2. Vulnerability
• Step 3. Measures
Continuing Concerns about PSSAs
• PSSA Size
• Designation-in-principle
• Interest of Objecting Regional States
• Controversial APMs