Transcript Sport Injuries Treatment

Sport Injuries
Treatment
Sport and Exercise Science
Criteria
• P5
• Describe first aid and common treatments used
for four different types of sports injury
• Assessment help:For P5, learners must describe
first aid and common treatments used for four
different types of sports injury.
• Lessen objectives
• You should be able to tell me at the end of the
lesson
What treatments do you know
already?
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Rice (PRICED)
Heat
Cold
Strapping
Support aids
These are just some examples
First Aid
• First aid this is the immediate treatment that
is given to an injured person. When a suitable
person arrives on the scene they can provide
care and support.
• There are certain things that the person
should do
• 1) assess the situation and check for danger
• 2)make sure the area is safe
(debris/electricity)
Continued
• 3)assess if the casualty is conscious and check
their ABC
• A-AIRWAYS –open the airway
• B-BREATHING- are they breathing
• C-CIRCULATION- check their pulse
• 4)do this as soon as possible
• 5)call for assistance/999
• 6)if there is no pulse then you will have to do
cardiac compressions
DANGER?
make sure it safe to give
help
YES
NO
History
YES
Find out what has happened.
Signs and Symptoms
How does the patient feel or look?
Try to work out what’s wrong.
Treatment
Remember – If you’re not sure, always seek
professional medical advice.
Remove Danger
Response?
Make the scene safe.
Do not take risks.
Shout and gently shake or tap
the casualty.
NO
Help!
Shout for help, but don’t leave
the casualty yet.
Airway
Open the airway by
tilting the head back
and lifting the chin.
Normal Breathing?
Look, listen and feel
for no more than 10 seconds.
YES
Secondary Survey
Check for bleeding, injuries and clues
(see your first aid book).
If you’re not sure if
breathing is normal, treat it as though it is not.
Recovery Position
Dial 999
Now
NO
(If not already done)
Resuscitation
Recovery Position (see book).
Dial 999 if not already done.
Monitor Airway and Breathing.
Keep the casualty Warm.
 Give 30 chest compressions, then 2 rescue breaths.
 Continue giving cycles of 30 compressions to 2 rescue breaths.
30 to 2
 Only stop to recheck the patient if they start breathing normally
– otherwise do not interrupt resuscitation.
 If there is more than one rescuer, change over every 2 minutes
to prevent fatigue.
Calling for the Ambulance
• If the person is injured and needs professional
attention then you must ensure that someone rings for
an ambulance
• Dial 999 and ask for an ambulance
• Give your exact location
• Give clear details of the accident and severity of the
causality
• Give your telephone number and the sex/age of the
causality
• When the ambulance arrives tell them about how the
causality has behaved /state of conscious/ and if they
needed resuscitation and so on
Contents of a first Aid Box
• What needs to be in the 1st Aid box (discuss in
2s)
• The contents for a 1st aid box for a workplace
or leisure centre must meet legal standards,
be clearly marked and accessible.
So what's in the box
• Sterile adhesive dressings (aka plasters) range of
sizes
• Sterile eye pads and eye bandage
• Triangular bandages (used to stop bleeding or
make slings)
• Large/medium dressings with bandage attached
to it
• Disposable gloves (dealing with blood/bodily
fluids)
• Face shield for resuscitation
Bleeding
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How should be external bleeding be treated
Work in pairs to discuss this
Lay casualty down
Applying direct pressure with a gloved hand or
finger to the site of the bleed and try to place a
clean dressing over it ASAP
• Elevate and rest the injury site
• Seek medical assistance
• http://www.redcross.org.uk/What-we-do/Firstaid/Everyday-First-Aid/Bleeding-heavily
Internal Bleeding
• Very difficult to diagnose but there are some
common signs and symptoms
• Coughing up blood
• Vomiting blood
• Weak rapid pulse
• Cold clammy skin
• Rapid breathing (they may be gasping for
blood)
Treatment of internal bleeding
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Lay the casualty down
Raise the legs of bend the knees
Loosen tight clothing
Seek medical attention ASAP
Give nothing by mouth (why)
Reassure the casualty (they may go into shock
so it is important to keep them calm.
Shock
The most important distinction to make between the different
forms of shock, is between psychological (or mental) shock and
physiological (or circulatory) shock
Physiological shock
Psychological shock
• Physiological shock is a
• Psychological shock can
dramatic reduction in blood
occur after a physically or
flow that, if left untreated, can
lead to collapse, coma and
emotionally traumatic
even death
experience but it effects
• Usually will have cool moist
your state of mind
skin, weak rapid pulse and
(although this can give you
swallow breathing
symptoms such as
• Keep reassuring them, lay
them down (not working
palpitations and feeling
against gravity)
faint, it doesn’t usually lead
• Keep feet up if there is no
to serious physical collapse).
injury to spine, legs, head etc.
Unconscious Adult casualty
• If you see someone on the ground you will need
to check if they are responding.
• If you still receive no response gently shake the
person, if the person is not injured but is
unconscious then they should be put in the
recovery position
• This position allows the fluid to be drained away
from the nose and throat so they do not choke
• If you suspect that they have a back injury then
they should NOT be put in this position
Fractures
• As you know there are 5 different types of
fractures and all the closed fractures can be
treated in the same manner but an open fracture
needs to be treated much differently.
• A fracture can normally be diagnosed if the
injured area is deformed, tender, swelling, cannot
move it, has a protruding bone, discoloured skin,
and possibly bleeding.
• The person should be told not to move the injury.
Cont....
• The fracture should be immobilised in order to prevent
sharp edges of the bone damaging tissue, vessels and
nerves, the bone should never be attempt to push the
bone back in especially if its an open fracture
• The site can be immobilised using a splint or a sling
• A dressing should be applied to the site to protect the
area and pressure should be applied in order to try and
limit the bleeding but not over the bone
• http://www.ehow.com/video_5226113_treat-fractureduring-first-aid.html
SALTAPS
• The quicker that the injury is treated the quicker the chances of
making an improved recovery and the faster the rehabilitation
phase. Treatment can start by using SALTAPS
• S- see the injury occur
• A- ask the casualty what is wrong and where
• L-look for signs (bleeding, deformity, inflammation, swelling etc)
• T-touch the injury or close the injury for signs of heat,
tenderness, pain etc
• A-active movement –ask them to move the injury through ROM
• P- passive movement – try to move the injured site only if a
good range of movement is available
• S-strength -if they have moved through the steps above with
little or no pain then ask them to stand unaided then
running/walking
• This process will help determine how serious
the injury is and treatment should then be
followed by PRICED
• PRICED is usually used if a person has suffered
from a soft tissue injury
PRICED
• P- protect the injury from further injury
• R-rest the injury and discontinue their activity
• I-ice, an ice pack should be applied to the injured site
to help reduce swelling and pain
• C- compression, gentle pressure should be applied
which helps stop fluid to seeping into the injured site
• E- elevation, the inured site should be supported and
be put into a raised position (above the heart)
• Diagnosis – should be done by a professional so the
correct treatment is followed
Cold and Heat
Application
• Research Task
• When and why should we use Cold and Heat
Treatment on a injury
• When and why should we used a mixture of
the cold and Heat application sometimes
know as contrast bathing
Cold application
• Cooling an injured body part to minimise the swelling
and bruising of an injured area and to reduce pain is
essential. When a person sustains a soft tissue injury,
blood vessels are torn, blood cells and fluid escape into
the spaces among the muscle fibres.
• By cooling the injury site, the local blood vessels are
constricted, so blood flow to the area is reduced. The
application of something that is cold to the injured
area not only has the effect of decreasing the flow of
this fluid into the tissues, but also helps to slow the
release of chemicals that cause pain and inflammation.
• Cold also decreases the feeling of pain by reducing the
ability of the nerve endings to conduct impulses to the
injured area, as well as reduces bleeding and swelling
within injured tissue. It is therefore best to use
immediately after injury has occurred, and for up to 48
to 72 hours after an injury.
• The injured area should be covered with a cloth towel
in order to prevent direct contact of the ice with the
skin, which could cause a blister or ice burn. The cold
application should be applied to the injured area for no
more than ten minutes. During this time the person's
skin will pass through four stages of sensation:
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Cold
Burning
Aching
Numbness - as soon at the skin feels numb, the
cold therapy should be stopped
• The cooling procedure should be repeated every
two waking hours. There are a number of
methods of cold treatments (cryotherapy)
including ice packs, gel packs, ice spray, a bag of
frozen vegetables, or ice bath immersion
Heat Treatment
• The application of heat to an injury site will act to dilate the
local blood vessels, thus increasing the blood flow to the
area. This type of treatment should only be given in the
sub-acute stage in order to aid in the healing process.
• The increased blood supply will have the effect of
absorbing the swelling and removing the dead cells from
the injury site. It will also help to increase the growth of
new blood vessels in the area and help scar tissue to form.
• The application of heat to muscles allows them to relax and
aids in pain relief. Heat treatment would not be suitable in
early stages of injury, or an open wound or where tissues
are very sensitive, such as the genital region.
Contrast Bathing
• Contrast bathing is the process by which alternative
treatments of both hot and cold therapy are applied to
the injury site and should be used during the sub-acute
phase. The application of a hot treatment will increase
the blood flow to the area and, when this is followed
by cold treatment, the blood flow to the area will
decrease and take with it the debris from the injury
site.
• The injured site should be immersed in alternating hot
and cold water for periods ranging from one to four
minutes, with increased time initially in the cold water.
Support Mechanisms
• In order to protect and support some injuries, it is possible
to use a variety of products that are readily available in
chemist, sports retailers, and via the internet including
tubigrip, tape, and neoprene support.
• Bandaging and taping can be carried out in order to prevent
injury, or to treat/rehabilitate an injured joint. Both are
performed in order to increase the stability of a joint when
there has been an injury to the ligaments that normally
support it.
• They limit unwanted joint movement, support the injury
site during strengthening exercises, and protect the injury
site from further damage.