Transcript No Slide Title

animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu
www.herpnet.net/Iowa-Herpetology
IOWA GAP ANALYSIS PROGRAM
American Goldfinch
Northern Leopard Frog
National Gap Analysis Program Five Point Mission
Developing the Land Cover Layer
• Map the land cover of the United States
Phase 1 Classification Overview
Phase 2 Classification Overview
• Phase 1 processing was done by the Geological Survey
Bureau, Iowa DNR, Iowa City
• Used Phase 1 land cover from the Iowa DNR and two
dates of Landsat TM data per scene
• Pre-processed, clustered TM satellite data from the
Multi-Resolution Land Characteristics
• Overlaid aggregated NWI digital wetlands information on
Phase 1 before unsupervised classification
• Document the representation of land cover types and vertebrate species in areas managed
for the long-term maintenance of biodiversity
• Used ERDAS Imagine image processing software to
process the state scene by scene
• Provide this information to planners and policy makers for land use decisions, and to
educators, scientists, natural resource managers and the public
• Masked out all but one class and refined it to represent
spectrally distinct map classes
• Build institutional cooperation in the application of this information to state and regional
management activities.
• Consortium (MRLC) was used to define 6 general land
cover classes
• EASI/PACE imaging software was used to consolidate
the originally clustered 240 spectral classes into crop,
urban, barren, trees, herbaceous and water
• Combined the detectable alliance aggregations into one
image
OSC
EO L
A
IOUX
S
DI
CKINSON
OBR
IEN
M MET
E
LAY
C
O SU T
K
H
W
ORTH
W
INNEBAGO
ALO AL
P
TO
HANCOCK
HOW
ARD
MITC
HELL
ERRO GORDO
C
W
INNESHIEK
HICKASAW
C
LOYD
F
AYETTE
F
LYMOUTH
P
HEROKEE
C
UENA VISTA
B
OCAHO NTAS
P
HUMBOLDT
W
RIGHT
RANKLIN
F
UTLER
B
DA
I
AC
S
LACKHA W
B
K
ALHOUN
C
HARDI
N
HAMIL
TO N
RAWFORD
C
ARROLL
C
REENE
G
O ONE
B
Landcover Mapping
DUB
U QUE
DE
LAWARE
UCHAN AN
B
RUN DY
G
A MA
T
MONONA
LAYTON
C
REMER
B
W
EBSTER
W
OODBURY
GAP Schematic
• Post-processed barren class – this class included map
labels besides actual barren sites, many in large cropland
areas.
ALAMAKEE
O NES
J
INN
L
ENTO N
B
Vertebrate Modeling
ACKSON
J
LINTON
C
Vegetation Classification
EDAR
C
HE
S
LBY
AUDUBON
UT
G
HR
IE
DALAS
OLK
P
ASPER
J
OWESHIE
P
K
OWA
I
O HNSON
J
COTT
S
MUSCATI
NE
OTTAWATTAMIE
P
ASS
C
ADAI
R
MADISON
EOKUK
K
MAHASKA
MARI
ON
W
ARREN
W
ASHINGTON
Image Analysis
OUISA
L
MIL
LS
MONTGOMERY
UNI
ON
ADAMS
LARKE
C
UCAS
L
MONROE
W
APEL
LO
EFFERSON
J
HE
N RY
Predicted Habitat Distribution
Vs
Actual Species Location
Distribution Maps
Vertebrate Models
DE
S MOINES
REMO NT
F
AGE
P
AY
T
LOR
INGGOLD
R
on the status of ordinary species (those not threatened
with extinction or naturally rare) and their habitats in order
to provide land managers, planners, scientists, and policy
makers with the information they need to make betterinformed decisions. GAP is a tool by which we can “keep
common species common”.
SAVS
Pine Forest
0
Eastern Red Cedar Forest
0
Evergreen Forest
0
Upland Deciduous Forest
0
Temporarily Flooded Forested Wetland
0
Seasonally Flooded Forested Wetland
0
Mixed Evergreen/Deciduous Forest
0
Eastern Red Cedar Woodland
0
Upland Deciduous Woodland
0
Mixed Evergreen/Deciduous Woodland
0
Upland Shrub
0
Temporarily Flooded Shrub
1
Seasonally Flooded Shrub
0
Semi-permanently Flooded Shrub
0
Saturated ( Bog or Sw amp ) Shrub
1
Warm Season Grass/Perennial Forb
1
Temporarily Flooded Wetland
1
Seasonally Flooded Wetland
0
Semi-permanently Flooded Wetland
0
Saturated Wetland
1
Grassland With Sparse Shrubs and Trees
1
Permanently Flooded Wetland
0
Sparsely Vegetated/Barren
0
Artificial/High Vegetation
0
Artificial/Low Vegetation
0
Cool Season Grass ( Forage, Smooth Brome, Pasture )
1
Cropland ( Corn, Soybeans, Sorghum )
0
Open Water ( Lakes, Rivers, Streams, Canals )
0
Probable Range for Savannah Sparrow Based
Upon Point Distribution and Expert Review
MARSHALL
TO R
S
Y
HARR
ISON
Gap analysis is a scientific method for identifying the
degree to which native animal species and natural
communities are represented in our present-day mix of
conservation lands. Those species and communities not
adequately represented in the existing network of
conservation lands constitute conservation "gaps." The
purpose of GAP is to provide broad geographic information
Land Cover Class
• Merged all 12 scenes into one statewide detailed land
cover image
• A variety of ground referenced data was used to label
the classified image
YON
L
• Map predicted distributions of vertebrates for the U.S.
Developing the Vertebrate Habitat Layer
DE
CATUR
W
AYNE
APANOOSE
DAV
IS
AN BUREN
V
Landcover Map
EE
L
Statewide 1992 Land Cover
GAPS
Habitat Prediction Maps
(Gap Analysis)
Detail, Ames Area, Story County
Accuracy Assessment
Our classification effort and ground referenced data collection
began in late 1997 and continued for three years. The five
year minimum difference from our remotely sensed data has
likely caused some misclassification and definitely created
some confusing situations during the entire process. This time
lag will extend to nine years when accuracy assessment is
complete in 2001. It is known that grasslands, croplands and
urban areas have changed significantly in the last nine
years. ISU was funded by the EPA to do an intense
accuracy assessment study for the EPA region 7 states.
Iowa carried out a successful pilot of that protocol in the
summer of 2000, but due to limited funds cannot use this
protocol across the entire state. We will be testing a
process for computer-based accuracy assessment.
Stewardship
Conservation Parcels &
Status
Conserved Habitat
Vs
Non-conserved Habitat
Status 1: An area having permanent protection from
conversion of natural land cover and a management plan
that maintains or mimics natural disturbances.
Status 2: An area similar to Status 1 but which may receive
uses or management practices that degrade the quality of
existing natural communities, including suppression of
natural disturbance.
Status 3: An area having permanent protection from
conversion of natural land cover for the majority of the
area, but subject to extractive uses of either broad, low
intensity (logging) or localized, high intensity (mining).
Status 4: An area allowing conversion to unnatural land
cover. Generally, private or public lands without
permanent conservation easements.
Boundary Data Acquisition
Methods
• Acquire existing GIS data
• Scan and register aerial photos
• Digitize boundaries from plat maps, topo maps
and DOQQS
Sources
• 99 County Conservation Boards
• Iowa Department of Natural Resources
• Fish and Wildlife Service
• Army Corps of Engineers
• The Nature Conservancy
• Iowa Natural Heritage Foundation
• Natural Resource Conservation Service
• Private Land Owners
Most of the identified stewardship properties in Iowa are
Status 3 or 4. Areas having a higher status are areas
under the State Preserve Board system or areas having a
management plan that specifically addresses conservation
of biodiversity. Several areas, such as Effigy Mounds
National Monument and some Nature Conservancy
properties, would qualify for Status 1.
Kevin Kane, PI / GAP Coordinator
ISU GIS Facility, ISU, [email protected]
Bruce Menzel, PI
Dept. Animal Ecology, ISU, [email protected]
Kathy Andersen, Vertebrate Modeling
Dept. Animal Ecology, ISU, [email protected]
Patrick Brown, Stewardship
ISU GIS Facility, ISU, [email protected]
Erwin E. Klaas, Vertebrate Modeling
Professor Emeritus, ISU, [email protected]
County Land
Robin McNeely, Land Cover
Dept. Animal Ecology, ISU, [email protected]
State Land
Jason O’brien, NatureMapping
Dept. Animal Ecology, ISU, [email protected]
Federal Land
Please visit the following webpages for more information
about Gap Analysis:
Sample scanned photo overlaid
with digitized boundary
Clayton county area showing Savannah Sparrow
habitat selection overlaid with public lands
The intent of the Gap Analysis Program is to provide focus
and direction for proactive, rather than reactive, land
management activities at the community and landscape
levels. GAP provides an ecological context for an
hierarchical approach to land management and more
detailed ecological studies in the future. We believe that
Gap Analysis is one step in a comprehensive land
management planning effort that transcends political
boundaries.
Iowa Gap Analysis - www.iowagap.iastate.edu
National Gap Analysis - www.gap.uidaho.edu/gap
NatureMapping - www.naturemapping.state.ia.us
IRIS and Aquatic GAP - mombasa.gis.iastate.edu/iris/iris.htm
Expert
Review
Species Point Distributions
and Range Maps
Species Habitat Relational Models
Vegetation Cover
Predicted Species
Distributions
The basic assumption of GAP’s predicted
species distribution maps is that a species has
a high probability of occurring in suitable
habitat types that are within the species range.
A vertebrate species habitat model (presence
or absence) is developed based on existing
range or point distribution data, other ancillary
data relative to a species’ habitat, along with
the GAP vegetation (land cover) layer. These
predicted distributions are combined with land
stewardship boundaries to identify potential
habitat that should be targeted for
conservation planning.
Predicted Habitat Distribution of Savannah Sparrow
Passerculus sandwichensis
Example of statewide species richness map based on the hexagons
Data were fabricated for use as input in this example
Taller hexagons imply an increase in species richness
The purpose for conducting gap analysis is to identify gaps
that have great potential for mitigation by land stewards
and decision-makers. Another substantial contribution of
gap analysis is the provision of regional or range-wide
analysis of an element’s representation that can allow
stewards to assess their role and responsibility in the
greater context for those elements occurring on their lands.
Rather than basing stewardship decisions only on local,
observable conditions, stewards can take into account an
element’s status over a larger geographic region (their
state or ecoregion) or throughout an element’s mapped
range.
The Iowa Gap Analysis Team:
Habitat Association Data
Conservation
Priorities
& Planning
Developing the Stewardship Layer
The identification of stewardship lands is critical to the Gap
Analysis process. The land stewardship map combines
attributes of ownership, management and a measure of
intent to maintain biodiversity. Stewardship land units will
be assigned a management status code of 1 - 4.
State Vertebrate Species Lists
Selected Land Cover Classes
Based Upon Literature Review
Conservation Planning
The concept of gap analysis can be defined as the lack of
representation or inadequate representation of a biotic
element (plant community or animal species mapped by
GAP) in areas managed primarily for natural values.
Identification of a “gap” indicates potential risk of extinction
or extirpation unless changes are made by land stewards
in the management status of the element. Biodiversity has
always been a product of a changing environment,
subsequent evolution, and natural extinction events. The
need to identify potential gaps stems not so much from the
natural pace of evolution and extinction, but rather from
recent and accelerating effects of human-caused changes
to the natural environment that threaten biodiversity.
Vertebrate Habitat Modeling Process
Iowa GAP Cooperators:
Associated Projects
Iowa NatureMapping: Involving citizens in
mapping Iowa's biodiversity
Final Products / Data Access:
The Iowa Gap Analysis Program will publish a final report
explaining the biodiversity status of breeding terrestrial
vertebrate species in the state. In conjunction with this
biodiversity analysis, an atlas of land cover and an atlas of
terrestrial vertebrates will also be published.
The documents will be available on CD and on the Iowa GAP
website in Adobe Acrobat .pdf format. The GIS datasets
used to create the land cover, stewardship and vertebrate
species layers will be available for downloading via ftp
service. This same GIS data will be available for interactive
viewing and querying over the Internet using ESRI’s Internet
Map Server software.
The Iowa Gap Analysis Program will be complete in
December, 2001. Check the state and national Gap web
pages for updates and links to acquire the reports and GIS
data.
Sources for the information on this poster include:
The National Gap Analysis Handbook
The Iowa Gap Analysis Brochure and Webpage
Iowa Gap personnel will gladly speak to your organization
about our program; all we require are several very large
plates of chocolate chip cookies.
Iowa has become the third state to implement a new type of
wildlife monitoring program, joining Washington and Virginia.
This new program, known as NatureMapping, is the
education, outreach, and volunteer component of the Iowa
Gap program. Iowa NatureMapping is designed to give
participants the “basics” of how to collect information on
common wildlife species in order to contribute to a statewide
effort to map Iowa’s biodiversity. There are not enough
professionals, time, or funding to conduct an inventory of all
the nation’s flora and fauna without broader help. One way to
achieve the needed inventory is to involve an interested
public—that’s what NatureMapping is all about. Individuals,
schools, county conservation boards, and other community
groups can all participate.
Current and Upcoming Work:
·Work with the Iowa DNR to create advanced NatureMapping
training sessions in conjunction with the Wildlife Diversity
Program's non-game wildlife monitoring surveys
·Coordinate with the State GIS office to offer ArcView training
workshops to Area Education Agencies
·Provide online maps of volunteers' data using ArcView GIS
coverages
·Continue to offer basic NatureMapping workshops
To date, 172 people have been trained in the basics of
NatureMapping.
Iowa Rivers Information System - IRIS
(aka Iowa Aquatic GAP)
Ecoregions
Landcover
The IRIS Project was developed from
a need of Iowa’s natural resource
Rivers
managers to have quality information
about state rivers and the flora and
Watersheds
Land Stewardship
fauna associated with them. This
project will be a cooperative effort
between several DNR Divisions, ISU and many other
interested organizations.
IRIS will be a statewide GIS database using the National
Hydrography Dataset as the base linework. A database
with many variables will be attached to the linework and
new variables can be added as the project progresses.
As data is generated, it will be made accessible to users
through ESRI’s Internet Map Server software. This will
allow anyone with an Internet connection to view and query
the data and create their own maps with user-defined
layers.
Goals of IRIS
•Document the health of Iowa’s riverine environments
•Prioritize conservation efforts
•Track biodiversity locally within a global perspective
•Provide a consistent base layer for locational accuracy