Transcript What is remote sensing

Remote Sensing 2
Course Code: Geog424
Dr. M. M. Yagoub
E-mail: [email protected]
E-mail: [email protected]
URL : http://faculty.uaeu.ac.ae/~myagoub
URL :
http://www.angelfire.com/mo/yagoub
Overview
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Course description
Course outcomes
Topics
Assessment
Software used for the course
Textbook and References
Examples remote sensing web sites
Remote Sensing Organizations
Remote sensing basic processes
Advantages of remote sensing
Remote sensing applications
Course description
This course covers various advanced techniques of
image processing and analysis of remotely sensed
digital data. Topics include radiometric correction,
geometric correction, atmospheric and ground
effects, image enhancement, spectral analysis,
color processing, image filtering, image
classification, post-classification, change
detection, and practical exercises based on satellite
datasets.
Course outcomes
Participants who successfully complete this course will
be able to perform the followings:
- Understand and apply image processing techniques
for information extraction.
- Implement and analyze image enhancement
techniques.
- Implement, evaluate, and analyze image classification
methods.
- Understand current representations and methods in
image processing.
Topics
Topics covered in the course include the followings:
• Introduction to digital image processing and visual interpretation
• Remote sensing data acquisition alternatives
• Image processing system considerations
• Image processing statistics and visualization
• Radiometric and geometric correction
• Image Enhancement
• Digital Image classification (Supervised, Unsupervised, Fuzzy)
• Digital change detection
• New trend in remote sensing (Digital cameras, Hyper-spectral
scanners, high resolution satellite imagery-IKONOS)
Assessment
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Final Exam
Mid Term Exam
Quiz
Course work
Computer presentation
Total
40%
25%
10%
20%
5%
100%
Software used for the course
• Software used for the course: ERDAS Imagine and
ArcGIS.
• ERDAS: ERDAS is a raster image processing software
that can be used to display, enhance, geo-reference,
classify, and produce a layout map of an images. ERDAS
will be used as the main software for this course.
• ArcGIS: ArcGIS is a vector GIS software that can be used
to geo-reference satellite image and produce a map from
the image through on screen digitization.
Textbook and References
Textbook
• Jensen, J. R., 1996. Introductory Digital Image Processing : A Remote
Sensing Perspective, 2nd ed. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
References
• Avery T. E. and Berlin G. L., 2004. Fundamentals of Remote Sensing
and Air photo Interpretation. Prentice Hall: New Jersey.
•Campbell, J. B., 1996. Introduction to Remote Sensing. 2nd ed., Taylor
and Francis: London.
•Castleman, K. R. 1996. Digital Image Processing. Prentice-Hall:
London.
•Lillesand, T. M. and R. W. Kiefer, 2000. Remote Sensing and Image
Interpretation. 4thed., John Wiley and Sons, Inc.: New York.
Remote sensing web sites
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http:// www.esrin.esa.it - Eurpopean Space Agency
http://geo.arc.nasa.gov - NASA program
http://www.spot.com
- French satellite SPOT
http://www.nasda.go.jp/ - Japan space agency
http://www.rka.ru./
- Russian Space Agency (RSA)
http://www.coresw.com - Russian imagery source
http://www.space.gc.ca/ - Canadian Space Agency (CSA)
http://www.ccrs.nrcan.gc.ca/ccrs/ -Canada Center for Remote Sensing
http://www.inpe.br/ - National Institute for Space Research (Brazil)
http://www.asprs.org
- American Society of Photo. And RS.
http://www.man.ac.uk
- Manshester Univ.
http://www.idrisi.clarku.edu - Idrisi site
http://www.amazon.com
- Bookstore
http://www.brevard.cc.fl.us/BTR_Labs/bober/martin/rs/overview.htm
Dr. Martin McClinton, (*.ppt) format (V. Good)
Remote Sensing Organizations
• ISPRS- International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote
Sensing
• IGARSS- International Geosciences And Remote Sensing
Symposium
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NASA -National Aeronautic and Space Administration (USA)
ESA- European Space Agency (Europe)
NASDA- National Space Development Agency (Japan)
CNES- Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (France )
DARA- German Space Agency
CSA - Canadian Space Agency
NRSA- National Remote Sensing Agency of India
Remote sensing basic processes
• Statement of the problem (appropriate logic: inductive,
deductive, technological, formulate hypothesis).
• Data collection (In situ, field, lab, passive and active
remote sensing, energy propagation, platforms, conversion
of energy pattern to images).
• Data Analysis (Visual image interpretation, digital image
processing, hypothesis testing –accept or reject,
quantitative and qualitative analysis).
• Information presentation (images, image maps, thematic,
spatial database, graphs, accuracy/error assessment,
(radiometric and geometric correction).
• Information distribution to users (hard copy, CCT, CDROM, X-BYTE, Flash Disk, Internet).
Electromagnetic spectrum
• Ultraviolet (UV) angstrom(Å) 10-10 m
• Visible to human eye (0.4-0.7 ) RGB
• Infrared (0.7-1000 ) - emitted thermal
radiation (temperature of objects)
• Microwave (0.1 mm - 100 cm)- Active
system (RADAR-back scattering, SLAR)
Image recording
• Radiation reflected or emitted from earth surface
is converted to signal (Digital Numbers- DN)
• The reflectance from a feature depends on the
atmospheric conditions, seasons, time of a day,
and physical and chemical characteristics of the
feature
• Specular reflectance from smooth surfaces e.g.
water, paved roads is lower than that from rough
surfaces e.g. forest. In specular reflectance most
energy scatter away from the sensor, therefore,
objects like water and roads appeared as black in
the image
Distribution
Receiving station
processing
Archiving
Remote sensing basic processes
Selection of a remote sensing system
• Selection of a remote sensing system is a
compromise between:
– primary sources of EM energy
– atmospheric windows
– spectral characteristics of surface being sensed
– spectral sensitivity of sensors available
Advantages of remote sensing
• Provides a regional view (large areas)
• Provides repetitive looks at the same area
• Remote sensors "see" over a broader portion of the
spectrum than the human eye
• Sensors can focus in on a very specific bandwidth
in an image or a number of bandwidths
simultaneously
• Provides geo-referenced, digital, data
• Some remote sensors operate in all seasons, at
night, and in bad weather
Remote sensing applications
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Land-use mapping
Forest and agriculture applications
Telecommunication planning
Environmental applications
Hydrology and coastal mapping
Urban planning
Emergencies and Hazards
Global change and Meteorology
World vegetation 1999
World vegetation 2000-2001
Source: http://www.spotimaging.fr