Transcript Federal Republic of Germany Bundesrepublik Deutschland

Migration
Belgium – Belgian Migration
Germany – German Migration
Scotland – Scottish Migration
Migration of Belgium
History: migration
History: migration
1948: increase because of the coal
mines.
 1965: industrialization
 1980- … : slow increase
History: migration
Why is there migration now?
Why is there migration now?
Brussels : capital city of Europe.
 study posibility
 Connect again with the family
Consequences
Influences on religion
e.g. mosque
Influences on the language:
e.g. restaurant ( from France)
 Influences on the food:
e.g. Italian, Chinese restaurant, …
Migration of Germany
The most common
Migration in Germany
Foreigner in Germany
Germans as Foreigner
Percentage of foreigners
Under 1,5
1,5 – 2,5
2,5 – 4,0
4,0 – 5,0
5,0 – 6,0
6,0 – 7,5
7,5 – 9,0
9,0 – 11,0
11,0 – 15,0
15,0 and higher
Historical foreigner population
In persons
1. Phase
2. Phase
3. Phase
1871- 1914: foundation of the
German Empire and high
industrialization:
Germany changes from an
emigration (e.g. to the USA) to an
immigration country (polish miners
from Silesia to the Ruhrgebiet)
1945-1949: 8 Mio. of refugees and
displaced persons came to the
western zones, 3.6 Mio. to the
Soviet Zone.
1955-1973: the „economic miracle“
/Wirtschaftswunder brings the first
immigration wave of foreign
workers. 14 Mio „Gastarbeiter“
from Italy, Greece, Spain, Turqey,
Marocco, Tunesia and Jugoslavia
come to the BRD.
1949-1961 (construction of the
German Wall): 3.5 Mio persons
come from DDR/ East Germany to
BRD/West Germany
1973: „Anwerbestopp“/ official stop
of recruitment of foreign workers
1966-1989: In the DDR 500.000
workers come from the „socialist
brother“ in Angola, China,
Mozambique, Kuba...
Since1950 : more than 4 Mio late
ethnic german immigrants
(Spätaussiedler) come from East
Europe, most after the end of the
Cold War.
1953-2004: 3 Mio asylum seekers
(political refugees)
2000: Demographic changement
makes migration and integration an
important challenge for current
polities in Germany.
The main reasons for migration to
Germany
Reason 1: People looking for jobs (from Poland, Italy, Spain, Portugal
and Turkey)
Reason 2: Russian people of German origin
Reason 3: Asylum seekers
The first reason
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•
•
•
•
People came to Germany in the 20th century to get new jobs here;
First came thePolish people in 1900; after that the Italians then the Spanish
people then the Portuguese and last group were the Turkish people;
These people (1,2 Millions) were able to get a job.
They were cheap workers.
They came as temporary workers, many stayed in Germany (problem:
integration).
The second reason
•
•
Katherina II wanted the Germans to immigrate into Russia.
 they helped to improve the agricultural situation in Russia (they knew
how to work the fertile grounds)
Reality was different -> thousands of people died
Emigration from Russia to Germany
•
Willy Brandt ( former German chancellor ) signed a treaty with the USSR
-> allowed the descendants to come back to Germany
Katherina II
The second reason (II)
After 1990, many Germans from Eastern Europe came back to Germany, for
example
- 1.979 900 from Russia
- 429 000 from Romania
- 1.442 900 from Poland
The third reason
Escape and asylum seekers:
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•
•
“political persecuted persons have a right to asylum“ art. 16 GG
under the impression of thenational socialist reign of terror the Germans decided
to give everyone asylum
everyone can use this right (coming from war zones like nowadays Afghanistan )
-> number of asylum seekers rose
-> confine this basic right (application for asylum is necessary)
Summary: Reasons for migration to
Germany
Push-factors
• Low living standard (bad education,
high unemployment rate,…)
• No social security
Pull-factors
• High living standard (good education, low
unemployment rate)
• Good social security (medical insurance, pension
insurance, unemployment insurance)
Consequences
Multicultural population
• Food
•Religion
•Traditions
•Language
Scottish Migration
For many years people have been migrating to and from
Scotland.
The current statistics show:
Population : 5,168,500
Although there has been much immigration to scotland, the most notable
was throughout the 19th century, when many Irish people decided to
emigrate to Scotland.
Push
-their staple diet of potatoes was hit by crippling blight.
-Farmers were the majority, and they were being kicked off their land,
with nowhere to live.
-Poor living conditions
Pull
-There were high oppurtunities in employment – industrial boom
-Housing
-Nearby- cheap to get to
-Many Irish had relatives
Soon after, many Scots began facing difficulties, and decided to move abroad
themselves. They went to many countries such as South Africa, Australia, New
Zealand, USA, in search of a better quality of life.
PUSH
- Highland Clearances – (in the highlands, many tennant
farmers were removed from their land due to the landowners
desire for sheep farming.
-Poor work and living conditions in the Scottish housing and
industry.
-High rent prices
-Disease
PULL
-Much available cheap farm land in places like Australia
- more job opportunities
-the Scots where very skillful, and where seen as treasures
abroad
- the gold rush in South Africa
- cheap and easier travel which made the journey safer
• In the mid 20th century, today’s multi-cultural society was born
• People from all around the world began to pour into Scotland
and provide their skills and culture for all to experience.
However, today the most prominent immigration to Scotland is from
Poland, and unfortunately, they are not as well received, despite providing
an essential work force.
One World with
common aims