Transcript Media Training on Ghana Living Standards Survey (GLSS6

Ghana Living Standards Survey
(GLSS6)
Child Labour
26th August 2014
Zonal Dissemination
Outline
• Objectives of Child Labour, GLSS6
• Concepts and definitions of Child Labour
• Demographic characteristics of the
children
• Educational characteristics of the children
• Economic activity of the child
• Child labour and hazardous activity
Objectives of child Labour, GLSS6
• Estimate the number of child workers
• Distribution of child workers by
– Sex
– Age-group
– Educational status
– Geographical and ecological zones and
– Rural and urban spread
Objectives continues
• Provide up-to-date information on Child Labour
in Ghana
• Provide the data needed for monitoring progress
towards the elimination of Worst Forms of Child
Labour (WFCL) in Ghana
• Estimate the prevalence of child labour
Concepts and definitions
• Child Labour:
“work that deprives the child of
his/her health, education or
development or posses a danger to
the health, safety or morals of
children under 18 years”
Concepts and definitions contin…
• Worst Forms of Child Labour
ILO Convention 182 classifies the worst forms of Child Labour as follows:
– all forms of slavery or practices similar to slavery, such as
• the sale and trafficking of children,
• debt bondage and serfdom and forced or compulsory labour,
• forced or compulsory recruitment of children for use in armed conflict
– the use, procuring or offering of a child for prostitution, for the
production of pornography or for pornographic performances;
– the use, procuring or offering of a child for illicit activities, in
particular for the production and trafficking of drugs as defined
in the relevant international treaties; and
– work, which by its nature or the circumstances in which it is
carried out, is likely to harm the health, safety or morals of
children
Concepts and definitions (cont’d)
• Light work or permissible work
• National laws and regulations may permit light work for
children under the following conditions:
• Work not likely to be harmful to their health or development;
• Not such work as to prejudice
–
–
–
–
their attendance at school,
their participation in vocational orientation or
training programmes approved by the competent authority or
their capacity to benefit from the instruction received.
Concepts and definitions (cont’d)
• Economic Activity
Economic activity is any work or
activity performed in the last 7 days
prior to the day of interview for pay (in
cash or in kind), for profit or for family
gain
MEASUREMENT FRAME WORK
Age group
General production boundary
SNA production
Children below the
minimum age
specified for light
work
(for example,
5–11 years)
Children within the
age range specified
for light work
(for example,
12–14 years)
(1a)
Light work3
(1b)
Regular work4
Employment
below the
minimum age for
light work
Employment
below the general
minimum working
age
Non-SNA production
Worst forms of child labour
(2a)
Hazardous work
(2b)
Worst forms of
child labour other
than hazardous
work
Employment in
industries and
occupations
designated as
hazardous, or
work for long
hours and/or at
night in industries
and occupations
not designated as
hazardous
Children trafficked
for work; forced
and bonded child
labour; commercial
sexual exploitation
of children; use of
children for illicit
activities and
armed conflict
(3a)
Hazardous unpaid
household
services1
(3b)
Other
non-SNA
production
Unpaid household
services for long
hours; involving
unsafe equipment
or heavy loads; in
dangerous
locations; etc.
Children at or
above the general
minimum working
age
(for example,
15–17 years)
1
(3a) is applicable where the general production boundary is used as the measurement framework for child labour.
Denotes child labour as defined by 18th ICLS resolution
Denotes activities not considered child labour
Child Labour Measurement Framework
Child labour
(prohibited work)
Worst forms of CL =
‘Hazardous work’ + ‘WFCL
Other than hazardous’ (i.e.,
Employment below the
minimum age
CSEC, forced labour, illicit activities, armed
conflict, etc.)
Hazardous unpaid
household services
(household chores)
SNA production boundary
Begging + Stealing
www.ilo.org
General production boundary
International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour
11
Child Labour Measurement Framework
Child labour
(prohibited work)
Worst forms of CL =
‘Hazardous work’ + ‘WFCL
Other than hazardous’ (i.e.,
Employment below the
minimum age
CSEC, forced labour, illicit activities, armed
conflict, etc.)
SNA production boundary
Begging + Stealing
www.ilo.org
International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour
12
ILO Definition of Child Labour
Child labour as a subset of “children in employment” or “working children”
•ILO definition of child labour is based on ILO Conventions on children at
work, and on ILO definition of ‘work’
•Thus, “working children” refer to those engaged in economic activities
within the SNA production boundary, of which only a subset is child labour
•Child labour is defined by its consequences:
-work that is mentally, physically, socially, or morally dangerous and
harmful to children
- work that interferes with their schooling
ILO definition of Child Labour
Conceptual framework of child labour
Hazardous work
Child labour
Children in
economic
activity
Key Concepts of Child Labour used
in the ILO Child Labour Measurement Framework
The terms « working children », « children in economic
activity » and « children in employment » are used
interchangeably by ILO. All denote a broader concept than child
labour
Following the SNA production boundary, Hazardous work by
children is a subcategory of child labour, which in turn is a
subcategory of children in employment (children in economic
activity or working children).
www.ilo.org
International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour
15
Worst Forms of Child Labour (WFCL)
Worst Forms of Child Labour
(a) Hazardous Work
(b) Worst Forms of Child Labour
other than Hazardous Work
(CSEC, Forced labour, illicit
activities, armed conflict, etc)
Note: Hazardous work by children should be defined at national level by
Government, Workers and Employers.
www.ilo.org
International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour
16
ILO Child Labour Measurement Framework
Para 12
In designated
hazardous industries
In other
industries
Para. 27
In designated
hazardous occupations
In other
occupations
Para. 25-26
Long hours of work
Not long hours of work
Para. 28-30
In other hazardous
work conditions
Non-hazardous
work conditions
Para. 24
Hazardous work
by children
Para. 21-30
5-11 yrs
Para. 32
12-14 yrs
14+ hrs
Para. 33-35
Child labour
Para. 14-37
15-17 yrs
Light work
(<14 hrs)
Not child labour
18th International Conference of Labour Statisticians, Resolution concerning statistics of child labour
(ILO, Geneva, 2008)
Children in employment
(5-17 years old)
Child Labour Status (CLS)
Children
5 -17 yrs
Missing
values
CLS = 9
In employment
Not in
employment
CLS = 5
Not
child labour
Child labour
Hazardous
work
Other
Child labour
CLS = 1
CLS = 2
Permissible
light work
CLS = 3
Other
non child labour
employment
CLS = 4
Demographic characteristics
One-third of the population (33.0%) is
in the age group 5 - 17
Age group
Sex/ Locality/ Region
0-4
5 - 17
18+
Number
Total
13.0
33.0
54.0
26,347,424
M ale
Female
13.8
12.2
34.6
31.5
51.6
56.3
12,689,648
13,657,776
Urban
Rural
11.7
14.3
31.3
34.7
57.0
51.0
13,204,237
13,143,186
Children aged 5-17 are fairly distributed
among the sub-populations of interest
Age group
Age group / Sex/
Locality / Region
5-7
8 - 11
12 - 14
15 - 17
Total
Total
24.4
31.6
24.2
19.8
100.0
M ale
24.8
31.6
24.3
19.2
100.0
Female
24.0
31.6
24.0
20.4
100.0
Urban
23.2
31.3
24.8
20.8
100.0
Rural
25.5
31.9
23.6
18.9
100.0
Western
26.6
31.0
21.8
20.6
100.0
Central
23.4
32.5
23.9
20.2
100.0
Greater Accra
22.9
30.7
26.7
19.7
100.0
Volta
26.3
30.9
22.9
19.8
100.0
Eastern
23.0
31.1
25.4
20.5
100.0
Ashanti
22.7
32.4
25.2
19.8
100.0
Brong Ahafo
24.3
30.4
24.8
20.5
100.0
Northern
28.7
33.0
20.7
17.7
100.0
Up p er East
24.1
33.3
23.0
19.6
100.0
Up p er West
24.5
31.1
24.7
19.7
100.0
More than 3/4 of the children(77.2%)
live in households where their parents
are heads
Percent
80.0
70.0
60.0
50.0
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0
0.0
77.2
11.8
0.1
0.1
7.3
2.3
0.3
0.9
More than 1/10 of children in Volta and
Upper West live with other relatives
Head Spouse
Western
0.0
0.1
Central
0.2
0.1
Greater Accra 0.1
0.2
Volta
0.2
0.0
Eastern
0.1
0.1
Ashanti
0.1
0.0
Brong Ahafo
0.2
0.0
Northern
0.1
0.2
Upper East
0.0
0.0
Upper West
0.0
0.0
Child Grand Other Adopte House Non
(Son/ child relative d child help relative Other
75.3 12.3
7.0
3.9
0.4
0.9
0.0 100.0
79.5 13.4
4.3
1.8
0.2
0.5
0.0 100.0
76.4
9.1
7.4
5.0
0.7
1.1
0.2 100.0
71.0 14.3 10.9
1.9
0.3
1.2
0.0 100.0
72.9 15.0
7.3
2.7
0.1
1.8
0.0 100.0
77.6 12.9
6.5
1.6
0.3
0.9
0.0 100.0
75.4 14.1
7.5
1.5
0.4
0.9
0.0 100.0
85.2
5.5
7.5
0.8
0.2
0.4
0.0 100.0
85.4
8.1
5.4
0.6
0.1
0.1
0.2 100.0
78.0
8.9 11.7
0.9
0.0
0.2
0.1 100.0
EDUCATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS
About 6% of the children had never
attended school
Percent
100.0
90.0
80.0
70.0
60.0
50.0
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0
0.0
Never Attended
5-7
10.4
8-11 12-14 15-17
4.7
3.8
4.7
Urban Rural
2.2
9.2
Total
5.9
Currently Attending
88.5
93.9
91.9
77.5
92.7
85.4
88.9
Attended in the past
1.0
1.4
4.3
17.8
5.1
5.3
5.2
Reasons for not attending school
• Reasons cited for children not attending
school are:
- there are no schools or the school is too
far (19.2%),
- the child is too young to be in school
(16.0%),
- household cannot afford the cost of
education (14.8%)
26
More than a quarter of the children in the Northern
region (25.7%) had never attended school
Region
West ern
Cent ral
Great er Accra
Volt a
East ern
Ashant i
Brong Ahafo
Nort hern
Upper East
Upper West
Never
At t ended
2.5
3.3
1.7
9.6
2.7
1.5
4.0
25.7
7.3
10.4
Current ly
At t ending
93.1
91.4
92.6
85.3
92.1
92.2
90.9
70.5
87.3
85.8
At t ended in
t he past
4.4
5.4
5.7
5.1
5.3
6.3
5.1
3.8
5.4
3.8
There are variations in the highest level of
educational attainment between rural and urban
Pre-School
Primary
JSS/ JHS
SSS/ SHS
Total
26.3
57.4
14.1
2.2
Urban
Accra (GAMA)
Other Urban
23.0
20.1
24.1
56.2
54.9
56.7
17.3
20.2
16.3
3.4
4.8
2.9
Rural
Rural Coastal
Rural Forest
Rural Savannah
29.4
30.5
27.7
32.1
58.6
56.0
58.9
59.2
11.0
13.1
12.3
8.0
0.9
0.4
1.1
0.8
Economic activity
Economic Activity
Participation of children 5-17 years in economic activity
• 28.5 percent of children participated in economic activity within the
reference period while majority of them (71.5%) did not
• 29.2 percent of males are in economic activity
• 27.9 percent of females are in economic activity
• By locality:
16.8 percent of children in urban areas and 39.0 percent in rural
areas are in economic activity
For rural savannah 44.3 percent compared to 22.1 percent in rural
coastal are in economic activity
• By age categorization
the older the child the more likely he/she is to participate in an
economic activity.
(10.0 percent for 5-7 years compared to 43.7 percent for those 1517 years)
30
Major occupation of children are:
Agric. (76.8%) and Services (14.9%)
Occupat ion
T echnicians
and
associat e
professional
s
0.0
Service/
sales
workers
14.9
Agric/
fishery
workers
76.8
Craft and
relat ed
t rades
workers
4.2
Male
Female
0.0
0.0
8.9
21.4
83.2
69.8
3.6
4.8
0.4
0.1
3.9
3.9
0.1
0.1
Urban
Rural
0.0
0.0
35.4
6.9
50.7
86.9
8.3
2.5
0.6
0.1
4.9
3.5
0.1
0.1
West ern
Cent ral
Great er Accra
Volt a
East ern
Ashant i
Brong Ahafo
Nort hern
Upper East
Upper West
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
24.6
10.2
68.8
9.0
14.7
18.7
11.3
10.8
3.1
1.1
53.1
83.2
7.2
82.8
75.3
73.5
84.1
85.3
91.4
98.1
4.6
5.2
8.4
5.4
5.7
4.7
3.5
2.3
2.9
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.4
0.4
0.2
0.4
0.2
0.1
0.0
17.5
1.4
15.3
2.3
3.5
2.8
0.7
1.3
2.7
0.7
0.2
0.0
0.4
0.2
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
Age group/
Sex/
Localit y/
Region
T ot al
Plant
machine
operat ors
and Element ary
assemblers occupat ions
0.2
3.9
Ot her
0.1
Major Industry of children are:
Agric. (77.2%) and sales (12.4%)
Industry of main occupation
Age group/
Sex/
Locality/
Region
Total
Agriculture,
Whole sale Transportati
forestry and Mining and Manufacturi Constructio and retail
on and
fishing quarrying
ng
n
trade
storage
77.2
0.3
3.8
0.7
12.4
0.4
Accommoda Information
tion & food
and
service communicat
activities
ion
3.2
0.0
Others
1.9
Male
Female
83.7
70.0
0.4
0.1
3.2
4.4
0.9
0.3
7.9
17.3
0.7
1.5
5.2
0.0
0.1
1.7
2.5
Urban
Rural
50.8
87.5
0.1
0.3
7.1
2.5
1.8
0.2
28.3
6.2
0.8
0.2
7.5
1.6
0.2
0.0
3.3
1.6
5-7
8 - 11
12 - 14
15 - 17
85.7
81.4
76.7
71.5
0.0
0.2
0.2
0.5
2.8
2.0
3.7
5.7
0.1
0.0
0.3
1.8
7.3
11.8
13.8
12.8
0.0
0.1
0.3
0.8
2.0
2.6
3.5
3.9
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.0
1.9
1.8
1.5
3.0
Proportion of females (81.8%) working in
informal sector higher than males (72.5%)
Percent
90.0
80.0
70.0
60.0
50.0
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0
0.0
Private sector formal
Total
8.0
Male Female
9.1
6.5
Urban
8.7
Rural
7.4
Private sector infomal
76.3
72.5
81.8
86.1
66.6
Agric Business
14.6
17.3
10.7
3.9
25.2
Other
1.1
1.2
1.0
1.4
0.8
No child in the Volta and Eastern
region worked in the formal sector
Sector of employment
Age group/
Sex/
Locality/
Region
Western
Central
Greater Accra
Volta
Eastern
Ashanti
Brong Ahafo
Northern
Upper East
Upper West
Private
sector
formal
6.4
33.4
25.5
0.0
0.0
6.9
7.4
3.3
3.3
8.6
Private
sector
infomal
88.3
66.6
67.6
88.4
56.6
76.4
77.2
93.0
96.7
81.5
Agric
Business
5.3
0.0
6.9
11.6
40.9
13.8
15.4
3.8
0.0
9.9
Other
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.6
2.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
T otal
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
About 1/3 of child workers in Greater
Accra work day and night
Age group/
Sex/
Localit y/
Region
T ot al
Period of act ivit y
During t he
In t he
Somet imes
day
evening or During bot h
during t he
(bet ween
at night
t he day and On t he week
day, some
6am t o 6
(aft er 6pm) t he evening
end
t imes in t he
61.7
1.2
2.1
31.0
4.1
T ot al
100.0
Male
Female
61.6
61.8
0.9
1.4
2.0
2.2
32.1
29.7
3.4
4.9
100.0
100.0
Urban
Rural
56.3
63.8
2.5
0.7
3.1
1.7
29.5
31.6
8.6
2.3
100.0
100.0
West ern
Cent ral
Great er Accra
Volt a
East ern
Ashant i
Brong Ahafo
Nort hern
Upper East
Upper West
73.5
59.4
45.7
69.5
56.4
50.2
56.8
77.5
66.1
76.2
2.1
0.9
2.4
0.6
0.7
1.5
0.3
0.6
3.8
0.4
1.6
2.2
6.7
1.5
0.5
1.8
1.0
0.8
11.0
0.3
20.5
36.8
13.1
23.3
41.2
42.3
40.5
19.4
11.9
18.5
2.3
0.7
32.1
5.1
1.2
4.2
1.3
1.7
7.2
4.6
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
About 1/3 of children who worked
(33.3%) suffered serious injuries at work
Age group/ Sex/
Localit y/ Region
Not seriousdid not st op
work/schooli
ng
Effect of injury
St opped
St opped
work or
work or
school for a
school
short t ime complet ely
P ercent
T ot al
66.2
33.3
0.5
100.0
Male
66.7
32.9
0.4
100.0
Female
65.6
33.7
0.7
100.0
Urban
69.4
29.7
0.9
100.0
Rural
65.1
34.5
0.4
100.0
5 - 7
74.1
25.4
0.4
100.0
8 - 11
70.8
28.6
0.5
100.0
12 - 14
62.3
37.3
0.4
100.0
15 - 17
64.2
35.1
0.8
100.0
Less than 10% of children who worked in Central (5.9%)
and Eastern (8.6%)suffered serious injuries
Age group/ Sex/
Locality/ Region
Effect of injury
Not seriousStopped
Stopped
did not stop
work or
work or
work/schooli school for a
school
Percent
Western
79.9
20.1
0.0
100.0
Central
94.1
5.9
0.0
100.0
Greater Accra
Volta
78.5
46.0
21.5
53.1
0.0
0.9
100.0
100.0
Eastern
91.4
8.6
0.0
100.0
Ashanti
46.7
52.7
0.6
100.0
Brong Ahafo
66.5
33.3
0.2
100.0
Northern
75.2
22.3
2.5
100.0
Upper East
80.7
18.4
0.9
100.0
Upper West
76.6
23.2
0.2
100.0
About 4% of children were beaten or
physically hurt while at work
T ype of abuse
Age group/
Sex/
Localit y/
Region
T ot al
West ern
Cent ral
Great er Accra
Volt a
East ern
Ashant i
Brong Ahafo
Nort hern
Upper East
Upper West
Ever been
subject t o
const ant ly
shout ed at
18.5
Repeat edly
insult ed
10.5
9.9
7.1
18.6
41.9
13.4
19.5
21.7
9.3
27.2
6.5
2.7
6.2
5.4
27.8
8.1
7.7
15.9
4.0
17.1
5.7
Beat en/
physically
Sexual
hurt harrassment
3.7
0.3
0.1
2.3
2.1
5.7
4.7
3.9
2.6
1.1
11.3
2.5
0.0
0.2
0.0
2.0
0.2
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.2
0.0
CHILD LABOUR AND
PARTICIPATION IN HAZARDOUS
WORK
Population distribution of children 5-17 year by economic activity, child
labour and participation in hazardous work
Children in economic
activity
Total
Estimated Percent of
Population population
Hazardous forms of child
labour
Childlabour
Sex/Locality/Age
group/ Region
Estimated
Population
Percent
Total
8,697,602
100.0
2,476,177
28.5
100.0
1,892,553
21.8
100.0
1,231,286
14.2
100.0
M ale
Female
4,393,748
4,303,855
100.0
100.0
1,284,619
1,191,558
29.2
27.7
51.9
48.1
996,510
896,042
22.7
20.8
52.7
47.3
677,962
553,324
15.4
12.9
55.1
44.9
Urban
Accra (GAM A)
Other Urban
Rural
Rural Coastal
Rural Forest
Rural Savannah
4,134,743
1,098,157
3,036,586
4,562,859
496,659
2,373,921
1,692,279
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
695,863
66,875
628,988
1,780,314
110,006
920,182
750,126
16.8
6.1
20.7
39.0
22.1
38.8
44.3
28.1
2.7
25.4
71.9
4.4
37.2
30.3
513,221
51,349
461,871
1,379,332
81,310
712,642
585,380
12.4
4.7
15.2
30.2
16.4
30.0
34.6
27.1
2.7
24.4
72.9
4.3
37.7
30.9
320,179
17,732
302,447
911,107
52,529
504,769
353,808
7.7
1.6
10.0
20.0
10.6
21.3
20.9
26.0
1.4
24.6
74.0
4.3
41.0
28.7
5-7
8-11
12-14
15-17
2,122,390
2,749,046
2,101,282
1,724,884
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
212,278
704,212
805,423
754,263
10.0
25.6
38.3
43.7
8.6
28.4
32.5
30.5
212,278
704,212
564,500
411,562
10.0
25.6
26.9
23.9
11.2
37.2
29.8
21.7
94,655
330,161
394,908
411,562
4.5
12.0
18.8
23.9
7.7
26.8
32.1
33.4
Western
Central
Greater Accra
Volta
Eastern
Ashanti
Brong Ahafo
Northern
Upper East
Upper West
838,313
793,125
1,204,870
766,836
920,812
1,727,891
916,757
891,273
362,761
274,964
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
225,702
101,481
83,328
245,094
336,935
537,057
382,738
278,445
161,388
124,010
26.9
12.8
6.9
32.0
36.6
31.1
41.7
31.2
44.5
45.1
9.1
4.1
3.4
9.9
13.6
21.7
15.5
11.2
6.5
5.0
171,626
70,535
62,526
206,404
267,233
396,751
306,972
203,566
114,899
92,041
20.5
8.9
5.2
26.9
29.0
23.0
33.5
22.8
31.7
33.5
9.1
3.7
3.3
10.9
14.1
21.0
16.2
10.8
6.1
4.9
113,134
33,164
23,312
169,035
193,551
279,374
224,037
105,769
47,534
42,375
13.5
4.2
1.9
22.0
21.0
16.2
24.4
11.9
13.1
15.4
9.2
2.7
1.9
13.7
15.7
22.7
18.2
8.6
3.9
3.4
Total
Estimated
Population
Percent of
population
Total
Estimated
Population
Percent of
population
Total
Child Labour
• 21.8 percent of persons 5-17 years engaged in child
labour.
• Proportion of male children in child labour is slightly
higher (22.7%) than females (20.8%).
• Urban children in child labour constitute 12.4 percent
while that of the rural is 30.2 percent. The rural
savannah (34.6%) has the highest proportion of
children in child labour.
• Proportion of children engaged in child labour varies
from one region to another with 5.2% in Greater Accra
and 33.5% in Upper West
41
Hazardous Activity
• 14.2 percent of children are engaged in hazardous
forms of child labour
• Proportion of males engaged in hazardous forms of
child labour (15.4%) is slightly higher than females
(12.9%).
• A remarkable difference is observed between urban
(7.7 percent) and rural areas (20.0 percent) with rural
savannah recording 20.9 percent.
• Proportion of children engaged in hazardous form of
child labour varies from region to region with 1.9
percent in Greater Accra and 24.4 percent in Brong
Ahafo
42
Percentage distribution of children (5 - 17years) currently attending school and
engaged in child labour in last 7 days by sex, locality, age and region by
Sex/Localit y /Age
group / Region
Current ly At t ending
School
Haz ardous
forms of child
Child labour
labour
Not At t ending School
Haz ardous
Child
forms of child
labour
labour
T ot al
20.1
12.4
35.4
28.3
M ale
Female
20.6
19.4
13.6
11.2
39.9
31.2
31.2
25.6
Urban
Accra (GAM A)
Ot her Urban
Rural
Rural Coast al
Rural Forest
Rural Savannah
11.2
3.8
13.9
28.8
15.8
29.4
32.2
6.3
0.5
8.4
18.4
9.5
20.4
18.1
28.0
16.4
32.0
38.7
21.3
36.3
42.3
26.2
16.4
29.5
29.2
19.4
30.6
29.8
5 8 12
15
9.2
24.7
24.3
20.1
3.8
11.2
16.9
20.1
15.8
40.1
55.9
36.7
9.6
23.9
40.2
36.7
19.6
8.4
4.4
24.4
28.2
21.6
32.4
17.3
29.1
31.2
12.4
3.4
0.9
19.3
19.9
14.5
23.1
6.6
10.9
13.5
32.6
13.9
15.3
41.2
38.4
39.4
44.2
36.0
49.4
47.2
28.9
12.1
15.3
37.8
33.5
35.8
38.3
24.4
28.2
26.7
7
11
- 14
- 17
West ern
Cent ral
Great er Accra
Volt a
East ern
Ashant i
Brong Ahafo
Nort hern
Up p er East
Up p er West
Percentage distribution of children (5 - 17years) and their participation in household
chores by sex, locality, age and region
Sex/Localit y /Age
group / Region
Part icip at ed in
Did Not Part icip at ed in
Household chores
Household chores
Haz ardous
forms of
Haz ardous forms
Child labour child labour Child labour
of child labour
T ot al
25.3
16.6
9.0
5.2
M ale
26.7
18.5
Female
23.9
14.8
10.1
7.6
5.8
4.4
Urban
Accra (GAM A)
Ot her Urban
Rural
Rural Coast al
Rural Forest
Rural Savannah
15.4
6.3
18.4
34.0
18.5
33.5
40.4
9.7
2.2
12.3
22.8
12.1
23.6
25.1
2.2
0.9
3.2
15.7
3.8
11.7
20.5
1.4
9.3
1.6
9.1
10.6
5 8 12
15
14.4
28.9
27.7
24.6
6.3
13.7
19.4
24.6
5.3
11.4
16.7
17.3
2.6
4.6
11.2
17.3
22.4
10.7
6.9
29.8
31.4
27.0
40.7
28.1
33.6
37.6
14.8
5.2
2.6
24.5
22.7
18.8
30.3
15.4
13.9
17.6
11.2
1.4
0.4
14.9
12.3
5.7
7.4
14.0
21.2
24.7
7.1
7
11
- 14
- 17
West ern
Cent ral
Great er Accra
Volt a
East ern
Ashant i
Brong Ahafo
Nort hern
Up p er East
Up p er West
0.1
11.9
9.7
5.1
3.4
6.0
8.9
10.7
Child Labour/Hazardous Work and Economic Activity
• 76.4 percent who participated in economic
activity were involved in child labour out of
which 49.7 percent participated in hazardous
work
• Both urban and rural localities recorded figures
above 70 percent
• All children in the younger age groups (5-7 and
8-11 years) engaged in child labour with more
than 40 percent of all children in hazardous
forms of child labour
45
Children working in Volta region are more likely
to be engaged in hazardous work (69.0%)
Particip ated in Economic
Sex/Locality /Age
group / Region
Western
Central
Greater Accra
Volta
Eastern
Ashanti
Brong Ahafo
Northern
Up p er East
Up p er West
Childlabour
76.0
69.5
75.0
84.2
79.3
73.9
80.2
73.1
71.2
74.2
Hazardous forms
of child labour
50.1
32.7
28.0
69.0
57.4
52.0
58.5
38.0
29.5
34.2
Percentage distribution of children (5 - 17years) engaged in child labour who
suffered an injury or health effects as a result by sex, locality, age and region
Sex/Localit y /Age
group / Region
Suffered any injury or healt h Did Not Suffered any injury
effect s
or healt h effect s
Haz ardous
Haz ardous
forms of child
forms of child
Child labour
labour Child labour
labour
T ot al
73.1
53.2
11.2
6.1
M ale
Female
72.9
73.4
72.6
73.3
54.3
51.8
49.3
54.5
11.5
10.8
6.3
16.4
6.8
5.4
3.5
8.9
51.7
74.1
79.8
73.8
72.3
18.3
51.5
66.5
57.0
50.9
3.6
7.4
10.7
17.0
17.7
1.2
4.5
5.6
10.7
7.5
83.0
92.9
69.6
55.5
45.8
50.9
54.8
55.5
5.7
13.1
14.0
12.6
2.0
4.8
8.0
12.6
74.2
80.2
54.6
82.5
79.9
69.1
82.6
71.2
60.1
58.7
62.1
72.6
20.7
72.1
60.5
47.6
66.9
46.9
28.9
29.4
13.4
7.1
4.0
7.6
15.9
10.7
16.0
17.0
11.9
17.3
7.1
2.5
1.5
4.6
10.9
7.9
9.3
7.7
2.1
6.4
Urban
Accra (GAM A)
Ot her Urban
Rural
Rural Coast al
Rural Forest
Rural Savannah
5 8 12
15
7
11
- 14
- 17
West ern
Cent ral
Great er Accra
Volt a
East ern
Ashant i
Brong Ahafo
Nort hern
Up p er East
Up p er West
Child Labour/Hazardous Work and Non-Economic
Activity
• 25.3 percent of children engaged in household chores are in
child labour while 16.6 percent are in hazardous forms of
child labour
• Of children who did not participate in household chores 9.0
% of the child labourers are engaged in economic activities
and 5.2 % of them are in hazardous activities
• 34.0 percent of children living in rural areas engaged in
household chores are child labourers, compared to 15.4
percent of their counterparts in the urban areas.
• the older a child is, the more likely it is for him/her to be
engaged in household activities
• at the regional level, participating in household chores and
in child labour varies from 6.9 percent in Greater Accra to
40.7 percent in the Brong Ahafo region.
48
Summary
• A third (33.0) of the estimated population are in the age group 5-17
years
• 31.6 percent are in the age group 8-11years and 24.4 percent in the 5-7
years age group
• There are more children 5-17 years in rural areas (34.7%) than in the
urban areas (31.3%)
• 57.5 percent of the children live with both father and mother
• The proportion of children who live with both parents decreases with
increasing age of the child
• 88.9 percent of children are currently attending school
• 19.2 percent of children currently not in because schools are “too far or
that there are no schools”
• 28.5 percent of children participated in economic activity within the
reference period
• The older the child the more likely he/she is to participate in an
economic activity.
49
Summary (cont’d)
• Majority of the children (76.8%) work as skilled
agriculture and fishery workers
• 76.3% of the economically active population of the
children are employed in the private informal sector
• 1.2 percent of working children work in the night
• 4.1 percent of working children work both in the daytime
and at night
• 21.8 percent of persons 5-17 years engage in child labour
• 14.2 percent of children are engaged in hazardous forms
of child labour with the Brong Ahafo leading with 24.4
50
percent
Your attention
is
highly appreciated