Transcript FLOODS - Geografia i WOS w Gimnazjum Przymierza Rodzin

Gim Przymierza
Rodzin class IPe –
Extreme events on
the earth
FLOODS
WHERE ARE THERE FLOODS
IN THE WORLD?
• Huge floods occur in China, India, Bangladesh
Missisippi Valley.
• In Poland most floods occur near Wisla and Odra.
WHAT SHOULD YOU DO
DURING A FLOOD?
• Constantly listen to the radio to get information about
the level of the floods.
• Maintain constant readiness to evacuate.
• Don’t panic!
• Carefully use bridges and roads.
• Don’t drink and eat food that has been in contact with
flood water.
EFFECTS OF FLOODS:
• Destroyed houses and farms.
• Death of animals and people.
WHAT CAUSES FLOODING?
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Heavy rain
Damming of the river by ice jams or landslides.
Tsunami
Backwater
THE BIGGEST FLOODS IN
POLAND:
• 1934r. - The flood covered the Dunajec river basin,
Raby, part of the basin Wisłoka and Skawa
• 1990r. – Flood millennium
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XkhTuToYvls
Volcanoes
CAUSES AND EFFECTS OF
VOLCANIC EXPLOSIONS
• Reasons:
• - Magma clogs the mouth •
of all possible opennings. •
• - Strong pressure gas.
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• - Borehole.
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Effects:
- A very large debris.
- Runoff and mudslides.
- Huge boilers.
Where they exist in the world
• Volcanoes are on the limits of lithospheric plates in places
where the oceanic plate pushes under the continental one.
• For example, on the western coast of the Americas
(Cordillera and the Andes), the east coast of Asia.
Ring of fire
• Zone of frequent earthquakes and volcanic
eruptions that surrounds the Pacific Ocean.
Is there a risk of volcano erruption
in Poland?
• In Poland we have some volcanos but happily they
are not active.
• The highest Polish volcano is called Ostrzyca
Proboszczowicka and has a height of 501 meters.
• There are no volcanos which are threatening us.
What should you do during an
eruption?
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Do not panic!
Lock the doors and windows.
Put wet towels under the doors.
Hide your sensitive electrical equipment.
Do not use the phone.
Put on a mask, hold a handkerchief or other material
on the nose and mouth, and always wear safety
goggles.
Parts of a volcano
Famous Volcanos
Vesuvius
Hekla
Etna
Earthquakes
REASONS FOR EARTHQUAKES
• An earthquake is what
happens when two
blocks of the earth
suddenly slip past one
another. The location
below the earth’s
surface where the
earthquake starts is
called the hypocenter,
and the location directly
above it on the surface
of the earth is called the
epicenter.
CAUSES OF EARTHQUAKES
VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS
Volcanic eruptions and MOVEMENT OF MAGMA
cause earthquakes.
FALLING METEORITES:
While falling, meteorites strike Earth in great
force, which can result in earthquakes.
HUMAN ACTIVITY:
Earthquakes are also caused by human
activity: subsidence through mining
activites, shock caused by explosions
(bombs), building big artificial water
reservoirs which affect balance of rock
masses.
The occurrence of earthquakes
• California along the San Andreas fault.
• There are also earthquake for instance in Scandinavia.
• Frequent earthquakes occur in the Pacific Ring of
Fire.
Effects of Earthquakes
• Cracks and scratches on the surface of the earth
• The slots (sometimes depth of up to several meters)
• Ground faults ("cutting" the form of the hill on falling rows of
blocks of rock)
• Horizontal movement along the fault
• Raising the coast and the creation of a cliff (as a result of, or
actual raising the coast, or dropping the bottom of the water
• Separating the coast of the mainland, and the creation of
shallow
• Dome-shaped lake (caused by disorders of groundwater)
Protection
The fastest protection is a table or
door jamb.
•Skyscrapers are protected by sphere equivalent.
•The first shelters for students were buit in Jerusalem.
Photos
Earthquake in Japan
Earthquake in Japan
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q_wkpXk
oXms
TSUNAMI
Tsunami
Where do tsunamies occur?
Reasons why a tsunami occurs:
• Underwater earthquakes
• Underwater vulcano eruption
• Landslide rock mass
Could a tsunami be predicted ?
• Yes but it is very hard.
• Radars can alert people before tsunami. With their
help, we can see the power and height of a tsunami.
Effects
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Destruction of cities
Death of people and animals
Contamination
Epidemics
How to protect yourself from a
tsunami?
• Making a new system of warnings from a
tsunami.
• Building breakwaters.
Short animation
Other animation: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SlwZzbGh7Cw
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ITsllTHZ-D8&feature=em-upload_owner
Cyclone
A Cyclone
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What is a cyclone?
How does a cyclone occur?
Where do cyclones occur?
What are the effects of a cyclone?
How to protect yourself?
What is a cyclone?
• A cyclone is an area of rotating winds that occurs on
the ocean.
• It occurs on the ocean and sometimes moves onto the
land.
• It looks like a tornado.
How does a cyclone occur?
For an cyclone to occur there have to be special
condition:
• The water has to be 26,5°C
• Temperature and humidity should correspond to the
development of storm clouds.
• The distance from the equater should be at least
500km.
Then the strom clouds meet with hot air and the
pressure becomes very high and the air begins to move
spiral.
Where do cyclones occur?
Cyclones occur near the equator and the tropics.
They occur on the ocean but quickly move on to
land.
Cyclones, rainfalls,
floods
What are the effects of a cyclone?
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Destruction of cities
Death of people and animals
Floods
Epidemics
Contamination
How to protect yourself?
When a cyclone hits you should:
• Hide in the strongest part of the building like
the celler.
• Turn off all electroical divices.
• If the building is falling hide under a table or
in between the mattress.
• If the cyclone hits during the time when you
are in your car stop the car and don’t get out.
Aftermath of cyclone Yasi
Interesting facts
• Cyclones have names like Cyclone Julia.
• A film about a cyclone in Miami:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DShp7d6yozY&fe
ature=player_detailpage
Bibliography
• Floods:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flood
• Volcanoes:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcano
• Earthquakes:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthquake
• Tsunami:
http://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsunami
• Cyclone:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclones