Transcript MIKOŁAJ KOPERNIK - Friko.pl

Nicolaus Copernicus
the founder
of the heliocentric theory
http://pl.123rf.com
“He stopped the Sun. He moved the Earth.
He was born from Polish hearth”.
Nicolaus Copernicus –
a Polish astronomer,
mathematician, economist,
doctor, canon in Warmia
and one of the 16thcentury forerunners of
modern science.
http://wiadomosci.wp.pl
• The author of De
revolutionibus orbium
coelestium (On the
Revolutions of the
Celestial Spheres)
where he formulated
assumptions of the
heliocentric theory.
http://www.astroarena.pl
The heliocentric theory assumptions:
• There is no one center of all the celestial circles or spheres.
• The center of the earth is not the center of the universe, but only
of gravity and of the lunar sphere.
http://www.compu.pl
• All the spheres revolve about the sun as their mid-point, and
therefore the sun is the center of the universe.
• The ratio of the earth's distance from the sun to the height of
the firmament is so much smaller than the ratio of the earth's
radius to its distance from the sun that the distance from the
earth to the sun is imperceptible in comparison with the height
of the firmament.
• Whatever motion appears in the firmament arises not from any
motion of the firmament, but from the earth's motion.
https://sites.google.com
• What appear to us as motions of the sun arise not from its
motion but from the motion of the earth and our sphere, with
which we revolve about the sun like any other planet. The earth
has, then, more than one motion.
• The apparent retrograde and direct motion of the planets arises
not from their motion but from the earth's.
http://www.niedziela.pl
http://kosmicznie.blogspot.com
Calendar:
• 19 February 1473 - Copernicus
was born in Toruń, St. Anna Street
(now 17 Copernicus Street).
http://pl.wikipedia.org
www.turystyka.torun.pl
• 1483 – Copernicus’ father died.
His family was taken under the
protection of his uncle PrinceBishop Łukasz Watzenrod.
www.turystyka.torun.pl
• 1491-1495 – Copernicus
began his studies in the
Department of Arts at the
University of Cracow.
/www.krakow.travel
http://upload.wikimedia.org
• 1496 – he took holy orders
in a Warmia Canonry.
http://www.polskaniezwykla.pl
http://www.polskaniezwykla.pl
• 1496 – he began to study
law in Bologna.
www. interia.pl
http://uesinstitutebologna.files.wordpress.com
http://coldfusion3.com/
• 1497 – he succeeded
to a Frombork canonry.
http://www.frombork.art.pl
• 1500 – Copernicus
performed an
apprenticeship in law
at the Papal Curia in
Rome.
http://pogodzinach.strefa.pl
• 1501 – he began medical
studies in Padua.
/www.google.pl
/www.google.pl
• 1503 – he received his doctorate
in canon law in Ferrara and
finished his medical studies in
Padua at the same time –
he was licensed to practice
medicine.
http://copernicus.torun.pl
http://web.pertus.com.pl
• 1503 – Nicolaus Copernicus came back to Warmia. He
was sent to Lidzbark, where he was supposed to take
care of the health of his elderly uncle and help him in
running the current policy.
http://www.polskieradio.pl
• He participated in almost all diplomatic
and administrative activities of the
bishop including:
 Supporting Watzenrodego he took part in
Prussian states conventions.
Zamek w Malborku
http://pl.wikipedia.org
 1506 – in Malbork, Copernicus participated
in debates of the Prussian states with
commissioners of the Polish king.
 1507 – he was a witness of the Zygmut I
enthronement in Cracow.
http://www.edupedia.pl
• 1509 – he wrote „Comentary”
(„Komentarzyk”) about the
theories of the celestial bodies
movements – the perliminary
draft of the heliocentric theory
(„Nicolai Copernici de hypothestibus
motuum coelestium a se constitutis
commentariolus”.)
http://copernicus.torun.pl
• 1510 – he settled in
Frombork where he led
multiple atronomic
observations.
(Probably, the first of Copernicus sees
was the corner tower situated within
the defensive walls.)
http://pl.wikipedia.org
http://wizaz.pl
http://www.uroki-polski.pl
frombork.wm.pl
• 1510- 1512 - Copernicus
drew a map of Warmia
and the western borders
of the Prussian Kingdom
Mapa Polski http://info-poland.buffalo.edu
Mapa Prus sporządzona przez Henryka
Zella
http://copernicus.torun.pl/
• 1512 - he participated in
the elections of the new
Warmia bishop. Together
with Warmia chapter he
signed so called treaty of
Piotrków which confered
the right to choose the
bishop on the chapter.
http://www.astrojawil.pl
• 1513 invited by the dignitaries of the
Lateran Council he participates in the
creation of the Julian calendar. He
prepared and sent his own draft of the
reform of the calendar (even though it
was delivered to Rome, it hasn’t been
found yet).
• 1516 – he was elected the
admistrator of the common
chapter estate in Olsztyn.
http://pl.wikipedia.org
http://www.kochamwies.pl
• 1519 – working out of the monetary
thesis „Treatise on Coin” („Traktat
o monetach”); presentation of the
thesis to the Prussian states.
http://copernicus.torun.pl
http://www.sebodomessias.com.br
• 1520-1521 organization
of the Olsztyn castle
defense which was
surrounded by
theTeutonic Knights
army.
http://www.travelin.pl
http://zabytki.ocalicodzapomnienia.eu
• 1521 – he became the commissioner of
Warmia
• 1522 – delivery of the monetary thesis
during the congress of the states of the
Prussian Kingdom.
http://copernicus.torun.pl
• 1523- 1524 – he ran an office of the
general administrator of the bishopric,
an envoy and the councellor of the
chapter.
• 1528 r – the final version of the
monetary thesis.
• 1528- 1537 – he ran next offices such
as the office of the chancellor, the
guardian and the inspector of the
Warmia chapter.
http://bialczynski.wordpress.com
• 1537 r – he was introduced to the king as the one of
the four candidates for the Warmia bishop.
• 1538- 1539 r- Copernicus was imputed by the bishop
Jan Dantyszka for concubinage
http://www.crystalinks.com
• 1539 r - Jerzy Joachim Retyk,
persuaded Copernicus to
publicate his treaty De
revolutionibus.
http://jedynka-kopernik.home.pl
http://special.lib.gla.ac.uk
• 1541 r – De revolutionibus at the
printer’s
• 1542 r - in Wittenberg there
occured a printed book on sides
and angles of triangles (De
lateribus et angelis triangulorum)
by Nicolaus Copernicus.
http://upload.wikimedia.org
http://pl.123rf.com
• 1543 – Copernicus’ work with the
modified title „De revolutionibus
orbium coelestium” / On the
Revolusions of the Celestial
Spheres (O obrotach sfer
niebieskich) was published in
Norymberg
http://www.crystalinks.com/copernicus.html
http://blogs.ua.es
• 24.05.1543 – Copernicus
died due to an effusion.
• He is burried in the cathedral
in Fromborku.
Śmierć Mikołaja Kopernika,
grafika Aleksandra Lessera
http://pl.wikipedia.org
http://ortografia4.appspot.com
http://pl.wikipedia.org
Thank you for
your attention.
http://www.naukawpolsce.pap.pl
author: Agnieszka Wieczorek-Dudys
translation: Magdalena Bakalarz, Sonia Rozmus
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http://www.mikolaj-kopernik-pl.com/
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http://www.mikolajkopernik.info/
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http://copernicus.torun.pl
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http://pl.wikipedia.org
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http://biografia24.pl
http://www.naukawpolsce.pap.pl