Transcript Beef, it's whats for dinner

Breeds of Beef Cattle
The Beef Industry
Produces 45% of all livestock cash receipts.
An average person may consume 100 or more lbs.
Of beef per year.
Most beef eaten in the USA is raised in the USA
The state of Texas leads in the # of beef animals
produced.
Why Raise Beef Cattle?
Cattle consume roughage & may graze
pasture.
Less labor than other industries, such as dairy
 Beef
cattle do not need to essentially be fed every single
day.
Useful in both large and small operations.
Meat ”beef” is in constant demand by
consumers .
Disadvantages to raising beef
cattle…
A producer can take on several risks by raising
beef cattle.
Dependence on grain prices.
Dependence on mother nature.
Beef cattle are not as efficient growers as other
livestock – pigs.
A beef cow has a gestation period of 283-days –
can only get one offspring in one year.
Cost of starting a beef operation is expensive.
Cattle, equipment, facilities/land, etc.
Angus
History:
Originated from Scotland.
Imported to Kansas in 1873.
Suited well to Midwestern climate.
Today are found in every state in the USA.
Breed Characteristics
Black in color, smooth hair coat; also Red Angus
Polled
Good carcass with well-marbled meat
Angus
Charolais
 History
One of the oldest French breeds; central France.
Imported to Mexico in 1930.
 Then
imported to Texas in 1936
Breed Characteristics
White to light blonde in color, pink skin
Large and very well-muscled
Horned
Bulls: 2,000-2,500 lbs.; cows: 1,500-1,800 lbs
Charolais
Chianina
Pronounced “Kee-ah-nee-na”
History
Originated from Italy, one of the oldest in the world.
Semen was imported to the USA in 1971.
Breed Characteristics
Black skin, originally white fur with black switch.
BIG!
 Bulls
- up to 4,000 lbs., 6 feet tall at withers.
 Cows - up to 2,400 lbs., 5 feet tall at withers.
Improve growth rate if used in cross breeding.
Polled
Chianina
Hereford (horned & polled)
 History
Originated in Hereford, England; polled in Iowa,
1901.
First USA herd (horned) in New York in 1840.
Breed Characteristics
White faces with red, curled hair.
horned
Very hardy and excellent foragers.
White pattern is dominant in cross breeding.
Hereford
Polled Hereford
Limousin
History
Originated in France 7,000 years ago.
Breed Association formed in 1886.
Semen imported to USA from Canada in 1968.
Breed Characteristics
Light yellow color with lighter circles around eyes.
Light colored skin.
Lean carcasses with large loin eye area.
Polled
Limousin
Shorthorn (polled and horned)
 History
Originated in northern England, about 1600.
Imported to Virginia in 1783.
 Breed Characteristics
Red, White, or roan (mix of red and white) coat.
Docile breed
Excellent milking capability.
Polled or horned
Shorthorn
Shorthorn Bull
Brahman
 History
Developed in southwestern USA.
Closely related to Zebu, or Bos indicus cattle (India).
Used mostly for crossbreeding.
 Breed Characteristics
Characteristic “hump” over shoulder.
Light or medium gray coat color.
Large, drooping ears and loose skin.
Brahman
Brangus
History
A result of a cross of Brahman and Angus.
Crosses made as early as 1912 in Louisiana.
Red Brangus developed in Texas in 1946.
Breed Description
Solid black or red in color.
Polled
Good mothering ability & feed efficiency.
Brangus (Red or Black)
Texas Longhorn
History
Originated from cattle brought from Columbus.
Cattle escaped and existed in the wild.
Almost became extinct by 1900.
USA congress funded a purebred herd.
Breed Characteristics
Many different colors and shadings.
Horns spreading 4 feet or more.
Are able to survive on sparse pasture.
Texas Longhorn
Simmental
 History
Originated in Switzerland in the middle ages.
Most popular breed in Europe.
Brought to USA in 1969.
 Breed Characteristics
White to light straw faces, with dark red bodies.
Horned
Docile
Simmental
Gelbvieh
History
Originated in Bavaria (southern Germany)
 Introduced
in the US in 1971 through AI programs
Breed Characteristics
Red & naturally horned
Polled cattle have been developed in US
Superior fertility
Calving ease
Mothering ability
High growth rate
Gelbvieh
Maine-Anjou
History
NW part of France
 Imported
into North America via Canada in 1969
Breed Characteristics
Color is originally reddish with white markings on
head, belly, rear legs & tail (similar to Shorthorn)
NOW…..color is mainly black with white markings
Dual-purpose breed
Polled
Maine Anjou