Transcript What is driving the community college baccalaureate? An

What is driving the community college
baccalaureate? An analysis of state
statutes, polices and practices
Community College Baccalaureate
Association
New Orleans, March 3, 2007
Dr. Deborah L. Floyd
Dr. Jennifer Sughrue
Sarah Reed, M.S.
Florida Atlantic University
Floyd, Sughrue, Reed
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Purpose of Session
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Explore motivations driving CCB
movement;
Report on key states with most CCB
activity during the last decade (awarding
their own baccalaureates);
Describe specific legal, governance and
other issues that have framed laws,
policies and practices governing the
CCB in selected states;
Discussion and Sharing
Floyd, Sughrue, Reed
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How do we define the community
college baccalaureate?
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Typology (Floyd)- articulation, university
center, university extension, and
community college baccalaureate
[college awards own 4-year degree]
Focus of this study is on the [pure] CCB
model [colleges confer own 4-year
degree]
Classification is “not for the faint of
heart” (Lee Schulman, Carnegie
Foundation) – not a simple task to sort
and classify; “imperfect system” (Floyd)
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Research Methodology and Design
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Legal and qualitative methods of inquiry;
Westlaw database for searching state
statutes governing the CCB;
Triangulated data from Westlaw,
government and higher education web
sites, and publications;
Developed a matrix identifying the state,
legislation, data source, governance and
key issues; and
Examined data for themes and patterns.
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States explored for this study –
“Key activity” states
(Issue: Do they consider themselves a community
college?)
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Arkansas
Arizona*
California*
Florida*
Georgia
Hawaii
New Mexico*
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South Carolina*
Texas*
Utah
Vermont*
West Virginia*
Washington*
(* states in this preliminary report)
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Florida’s CCB:
Access, workforce, serving place bound students; keep
community college focus; need- based
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2000 Florida Legislature created new governing authority
replacing State Board of Community Colleges. 1999 Site
Determined Baccalaureate Degree Program was amended
to allow community colleges to seek authority for
awarding their own four year degrees.
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2001 Florida legislature approved St. Petersburg College
to award baccalaureate degrees (Florida Education Code
1004.73)
o
Must maintain “open-door admissions policy”
o
….and “community college authority”
o
“This education is intended to address the state’s
workforce needs…”
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Florida’s CCB
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2 of 3
2002 Florida legislature established a process for
community colleges to seek approval and Chipola and
Miami Dade were approved to award baccalaureate
degrees (Florida Education Code 1007.33)
o
“… intent of the Legislature [is] to further expand
access to baccalaureate degree programs through
the use of community colleges.”
o
“… A community college may develop a proposal to
deliver specified baccalaureate degree programs in
its district to meet local workforce needs.”
o
“A community college may not terminate its
associate in arts or associate in science degree
programs…”
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Florida’s CCB
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3 of 3
Florida law requires that colleges seek state
approval through the Board of Education and
that they remain a part of the community
college governance system. Must meet
accreditation requirements.
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Texas’ CCB:
Applied science/technology; keep community
college focus; need-based
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2003 Texas legislature approved a pilot project of
community baccalaureate degree programs. Authorized
Texas Coordinating Board to administer a pilot project.
(Texas Higher Education Code, Title III, Section 130.0012)
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Specified college program must meet accreditation
requirements.
Workforce emphasis of “applied science and applied
technology”.
“…does not otherwise alter the role and mission of a public
junior college.” (community college)
“may not offer more than five baccalaureate degree
programs under the project at any time.”
“shall consider the need for the degree program and the
region served..”
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Texas’ CCB
2 of 2
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2005 Texas Coordinating Board authorized three
community colleges to offer Bachelor of
Technology in Technology Management–
Midland, Brazosport, South Texas.
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Parachute clause in 2003 legislation – “…must
enter into an articulation agreement with one or
more general academic teaching institutions to
ensure that students that enroll in the degree
program have an opportunity to complete the
degree if the public junior college ceases to
offer the degree program.”
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Nevada’s CCB:
Retain community college mission; workforce
focus; access
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Community Colleges governed by the University
and Community College System of Nevada.
Authorized Great Basin in 2002.
Nevada System for Higher Education Procedure
Manual
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“it is not the intention of the NSHE for community
colleges to abandon their community college
mission”
Criteria for proposals include “is there a significant
shortage of similar programs” and “workforce needs:
is there proven student demand…similar employer
demand for the program”
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Washington State’s CCB:
Applied science; workforce; need-based;
access (underserved by 4-year institutions)
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In 2005, the legislature authorized a pilot
program in which 4 community or technical
colleges would offer an “applied baccalaureate
degree.”
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RCWA 28B.50.810. Applied baccalaureate degree-Pilot programs
At least one of the pilot program had to lead to a
baccalaureate of applied science degree, which
was built on an associate degree in applied
science.
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Washington State’s CCB
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“The college can demonstrate demand for the
proposed program from a sufficient number of
students within its service area to make the
program cost-effective and feasible to operate;
The college can demonstrate that employers
demand the level of technical training proposed
within the program, making it cost- effective for
students to seek the degree; and
The proposed program fills a gap in options
available for students because it is not offered
by a public four-year institution of higher
education in the college's geographic area.”
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Washington State’s CCB
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3 of 3
The house Higher Education Committee
recently held hearings regarding the pilot
program (2/19/07)
 The four existing pilot programs are set to
start offering upper-division courses in Fall
2007
 Bill introduced to expand program to include
two technical colleges. [Lake Washington
Technical College was mentioned]. Sponsor
amenable to having one technical and
community college, instead.
 State Board’s priority is to fund existing
programs and to secure their accreditation.
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New Mexico’s CCB:
Economic development; technical & vocational
education; workforce development
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Northern New Mexico Community College to Northern
New Mexico College (2005):
A. The courses of instruction at Northern New Mexico
College shall:
(1) meet the needs of young people of New Mexico who
cannot be served adequately by the local public schools
in their home communities;
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(2) prepare technical and trade students for occupations
and vocations that are useful and necessary in the
economy of New Mexico; and
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(3) provide academic, technical and vocational instruction
beyond the high school level and accredited college level
academic instruction. . . .
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New Mexico’s CCB
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D. The board of regents of Northern New Mexico College
may develop, implement and seek accreditation for a
baccalaureate degree program in teacher education.
Chapter 21. State and Private Education Institutions , Article 4. Northern New
Mexico State School § 21-4-3. Northern New Mexico college; purpose of
instruction; academic courses; boarding of students
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Bachelor degrees:
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Bachelor of Science in Biology
Bachelor of Arts in Business Administration
Bachelor of Arts in Elementary Education
Bachelor of Science in Environmental Science
Bachelor of Science in Information Technology
Bachelor of Science in Integrative Health Studies
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New Mexico CCB:
Governance
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“Effective July 1, 2005, all new state-funded
baccalaureate, graduate and professional
degree programs shall be offered by public fouryear educational institutions and all new
associate degree programs shall be offered by
public post-secondary educational institutions
after a timely and thorough consultation with
and review by the [Higher Education]
[D]epartment.”
Article 25 § 21-1-26. Higher education
department; general powers (2005)
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New Mexico
Articulation
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“ . . . shall establish and maintain a
comprehensive statewide plan to provide for the
articulation of educational programs and
facilitate the transfer of students between
institutions.
Post-Secondary Education Articulation Act
(2005) § 21-1B-3. Articulation plan;
development; implementation; establishment of
transfer module
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Vermont CCB:
Access to technical education, workforce; high
quality; life long learning
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Vermont Technical College approved in 1993 to
offer baccalaureate degree programs.
 Bachelor of Science:
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Architectural Engineering Technology
Business Technology & Management
Computer Engineering Technology
Computer Information Technology
Computer Software Engineering
Electromechanical Engineering Technology
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West Virginia:
Retained community college mission
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1989 Parkersburg Community College affiliated
with the West Virginia University and became
West Virginia University at Parkersburg.
“The governing boards of Marshall University
and West Virginia University shall make rules
for the state institutions of higher education
known as Marshall University and West Virginia
University, and shall determine the minimum
standards for conferring degrees.”
§ 18B-4-7. Accreditation of institutions of higher education; standards
for degrees
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Selected states with “percolating
activity”…
California
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California – “California Community College
Baccalaureate Partnership Act” (2006-2007) California
education Code section 78015- – job market/labor need
required; access emphasized to serve areas with low
rates of baccalaureate attainment
“If the governing board of the community college district
determines that the job market study justified the
initiation of the proposed program, it shall determine, by
resolution, whether the program shall be offered through
the district’s own facilities or through a contact with an
approved private postsecondary school pursuant to
Section 9092.” … instruction entirely on community
college campus… two grants not to exceed $50,000
annually, starting February 2007.
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Selected states with “percolating
activity”…
Arizona
House Bill 2079 (2005, defeated)
10. Beginning in fiscal year 2007-2008, [community
colleges may] offer four-year baccalaureate
degrees
(h) [T]he four-year baccalaureate degrees
offered by a district shall be limited to one or
more of the following academic disciplines
selected by the district board:
(i) Law enforcement services.
(ii) Fire services.
(iii) Health professions.
(iv) Teacher education.
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Selected states with “percolating
activity”…
Arizona
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(v) Any academic discipline that is workforcerelated and for which a university under the
jurisdiction of the Arizona board of regents
does not award a four-year baccalaureate
degree that matches an existing associate of
applied science degree.
i) Eastern Arizona college as operated by the
governing board of the Graham county
community college district shall not be limited
to offering baccalaureate degrees in the
academic disciplines prescribed in
subdivision (h).
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Selected states with “percolating
activity”…
South Carolina:
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Trident Technical College was designated to
offer a baccalaureate degree within the Life
Sciences Act of 2004
Was passed over a veto by Governor who had a
“fundamental objection to receiving legislation
that has numerous tack-ons, each containing
their own complex policy considerations, many
of which did not receive appropriate public
debate.”
Act was declared unconstitutional in Sloan v.
Wilkins (S.C. 2005), citing Article *436 III, § 17
(the one subject provision) of the South
Carolina Constitution.
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Emerging Themes
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Workforce, labor and job market
responsiveness
Access to four-year degrees
geographically and programmatically
(underserved areas and learners)
Keep associate degrees while adding
baccalaureate degrees in certain fields
Ensuring appropriate (regional)
accreditation for degrees offered
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Motivation for the CCB
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Serving workforce, labor market needs
Access to underserved populations
geographically and programmatically
Service to communities underserved
Response to local needs
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Discussion and Sharing
community college
baccalaureate
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Speakers’ reach information
Florida Atlantic University
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Dr. Deborah L. Floyd, Professor of Higher
Education, Florida Atlantic University –
[email protected] or [email protected]
(954) 564-0344
Dr. Jennifer Sughrue, Associate Professor of
School Leadership – [email protected] (561)
297-3554
Sarah Reed, Doctoral Candidate in Adult
Education and Community Education –
[email protected]
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