Transcript Break Bulk

JY Maritime Academy
-Terminal Types
Ms. Sarina Jones
Mr. John Rydlund
Very, very brief Ship History
Boats helped carry trade across water
Boats got bigger and carried more trade
Boats grew to Ships
Ships carried more trade and went further
with more cargo
• Cargoes evolved to move more for less
• Ships evolved and specialized to the trades
and the evolving cargo
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Small Ships Carried Goods
Ships Grew as Trade Grew
Ships & Terminals Evolved
Cargo Terms
• Break Bulk - a system of transporting cargo as
separate pieces rather than in containers
• Bulk - commodity cargo that is transported
unpackaged in large quantities in either liquid,
granular or particulate form
• Roll-On Roll Off - denoting a passenger ferry or
other method of transportation in which vehicles
are driven
• ISO Containers - a standardized reusable box used
for the safe, efficient and secure storage and
movement of materials and products
Terminal Types
• Breakbulk, General Cargo, Neo Bulk
• Multipurpose
• Container
• Tanker
• Liquid Bulk
• Bulk
• Roll-On Roll-Off
• Barges or Tugs
Influences on Terminals
• Marine transportation evolved as the needs for
transporting cargo evolved.
• Moving more cargo, faster and cheaper has
compelled terminals to adapt
• Bigger, specialized ships have become part of
systems requiring specialized terminals
• Tankers, Containers, Bulk
• Information Technology (IT) has improved
productivity in terminals
• Terminal Operating Systems
Terms
• Throughput: Amount of cargo passing through
a terminal
• Productivity: Terminal throughput over a given
time period
• Project Cargo: A multi-shipment project that
usually contains large, heavy, high value or
critical pieces of equipment
• Transition: Change from one mode of transport
to another
Where it Starts…Break Bulk
Breakbulk Cargoes
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Bagged Goods
Barrels
Drums
Pallets
Projects
Lumber (neo-bulk)
Steel (neo-bulk)
and so on…
Breakbulk Granite
Neo Bulk Lumber
Neo Bulk Steel
Breakbulk Terminal – Pro’s
• Breakbulk terminals are multipurpose (work a
variety of cargoes at once)
• Cost for setting up a basic breakbulk terminal
can be much less than specialized terminals
• Wharf for ship to dock
• Laydown area for cargo to transition on/off ship
• Large laydown area can allow work on cargo at
the terminal (Assembly/disassembly of
projects)
Breakbulk Terminal - Cons
• Movement of cargo is slow compared to other
types of terminal
• More labor-intensive to load/discharge
• Handling different types of cargo
• Securing cargo
• As cargoes vary at a terminal, equipment and
facilities may vary as well, adding cost to the
terminal(cranes, warehousing, stronger docks,
forklifts…)
Terms
• Forklift – a vehicle with a pronged device in
front for lifting and carrying heavy loads
• Shore Crane – Terminal crane used for
loading/discharging cargo from ships
• Chassis – Terminal equipment typically pulled
by a truck that is used to carry cargo
• Laydown Area: An open area of a terminal that
is used for transitional storage of cargo
Breakbulk Terminal Gear
• Forklifts
come in all
sizes.
• The ones
shown have
a capacity
of about
80,000#
Breakbulk Terminal Gear
• Most breakbulk
terminals offer
the use of some
type of shore
crane.
• Crane capacity is
how much a
crane can lift
• The capabilities
of a terminal can
be limited by the
capacity of the
cranes
Breakbulk Terminal Gear
• Chassis are used
to move cargo
around a
terminal
• There many
varieties
including this
tri-axle for
heavier cargoes
Terms
• Wharf or Dock – Structure built along
navigable waters so ships may lie alongside to
receive and discharge cargo and passengers
• Yard – Area of a terminal where cargo comes
to rest for transitional storage
• A yard is sometimes called a laydown area
• Gate – Controlled area of a terminal where
cargo enters or leaves the facility
• Transition Shed – A dockside warehouse or
covered area used for transitional storage of
cargo
CITY DOCK 32
CITY DOCK 32
TRANSITION SHED
CITY DOCK 32
YARD
TO GATE
WHARF / DOCK
CITY DOCK 32
SHORE CRANE
PIPE
FORKLIFT
SHIP CRANE
TRUCKS