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Phonics
Virginia Standards of Learning for
Phonics and Word Study
1.6 The student will apply
phonetic principles to
read and spell.
First Grade: Volume 1, Page 11
Definitions
• Phonological Awareness
• Phonemic Awareness
• Phonics
Phonemic Awareness vs. Phonics
Phonemic
Awareness
• sounds in spoken
words
Phonics
• relationship between
vs sounds and written
symbols
• associated with print
• may be purely oral
Letter Recognition
• Children need to know how to recognize,
name, and write the letters in the alphabet
• Children need to learn the upper and
lowercase letters
S
• Before beginning phonics instruction
A
children should know at least 10 letterF
names
U
V
• Letter recognition activities
G RV O
Instruction
• Phonics instruction should be explicit and
systematic
• Letter-sound instruction should include the
common sounds of letters, letter
combinations, and spelling patterns
Letter Combinations
Common letter combinations
– Consonant blends
– Consonant digraphs
– Vowel pairs
Phonics Sequence
Letter Names
Beginning Sounds
Short Vowel Word Families
Digraphs & Blends
Short Vowel Comparisons
Long Vowels
REA Video Example
Small group phonics instruction
Phonics Instruction
Small Group Activity:
Sample Phonics Lesson
Word Study Strategies
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Blending together the sounds in words
Recognizing high frequency and irregular words
Using common spelling patterns
Using common syllable patterns
Using structural analysis
Using knowledge of context and syntax to support
pronunciation and confirm word meaning
Irregular Words
• Contain some letters that do not represent
their most commonly used sounds
• Tend to be high frequency words that
students encounter often in their reading
and writing (e.g., have, was)
• Can be partially decoded
Sight Words
• Sight words are words that are recognized
immediately
• The ultimate goal is for ALL words, regular
and irregular, to be read automatically with
little effort
Observing children’s application
of phonics is the best indicator of
how well they have learned it.
(Strickland, 1998)
Phonics at Different Stages
• Emergent
• Beginning
• Instructional
How is phonics addressed in your
literacy block?
Copyright 2005-2007
by the Rector and Visitors of the
University of Virginia.