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Reducing Standby Power to 1 Watt (and less) Alan Meier International Energy Agency [email protected] Presented at KEMCO 29 July 2004 Updated 30 July 2004 INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY AGENCE INTERNATIONALE DE L’ENERGIE Seminar Plan What is standby power? How large is standby? The IEA 1 Watt Plan Policies to cut standby The future INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY AGENCE INTERNATIONALE DE L’ENERGIE What is Standby Power? Power consumed by an appliance when switched “off” or while not performing its primary purpose INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY AGENCE INTERNATIONALE DE L’ENERGIE How Large is Standby? Device Home Country World INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY AGENCE INTERNATIONALE DE L’ENERGIE Standby Pow e r (Watts ) Mini mum, Aver age and Maxi mum 0.0 5.0 10.0 5 10 15. 0 20.0 25. 0 Portable Stereo Compact system Standby Power of each product is tiny--just a few watts-but most homes have more than 15 products with standby AUDIO Component System DVD Player Radio, Clock Battery Charger BATTERY Pow er Tool Vacuum Cleaner HOME Garage Door Opener Security System Breadmaker KITCHEN Microw av e Ov en Rice Cooker Computer OFFICE Modem, digital Printer, Ink/BubbleJet Cable Box, Analog SET-TOP Cable Box, Digital DTV Decoder Satellite System TELEPHONY Answ ering M achine Cordless Phone DTV TV-VCR Telev ision VCR WHI TE GOODS 1 Watt = 9 kWh/year Range 0 15 20 Standby Pow e r (Watts ) 25 Standby: up to 25% of Electricity Use in Some Homes % of domestic electricity Power (W) 5 - 25% 40 - 200 9% 67 5 – 7% 60 Australia 11% 80 Japan 10% 50 Europe 3 – 8% 40 Location Silicon Valley California USA Urban China Korea INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY 35 11% 57 AGENCE INTERNATIONALE DE L’ENERGIE Measured Standby in 10 California Homes http://standby.lbl.gov/CEC_Workshop/Docs/Standby_Measurements.pdf Household Standby Power Home 7 Home 4 Home 5 Home 8 Home 6 Home 1 Home 10 Home 2 Home 9 Home 3 26% 6% 10% 9% 8% 9% 5% 2001 USA 7% refrigerator 5% standard % of annual electricity use 10% 0 50 100 Standby Load (W) 150 200 How Large is Standby? http://standby.lbl.gov/CEC_Workshop/Docs/Standby_Measurements.pdf 5 – 10% of residential electricity in most countries Unknown % in commercial buildings ~1% of global CO2 emissions INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY AGENCE INTERNATIONALE DE L’ENERGIE The IEA 1-Watt Plan (1998) Reduce standby in all products to < 1 Watt by 2010 50% by 2005 Each country will select its own policies Labels Standards Government procurement Countries will collaborate and agree on: Definition & test procedure schedule INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY AGENCE INTERNATIONALE DE L’ENERGIE Progress Report Countries with a 1-Watt Plan Australia United States Korea Japan (sort of) Countries with special policy for standby China Europe (sort of) Good summary at http://www.powerint.com/greenroom/index.htm INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY AGENCE INTERNATIONALE DE L’ENERGIE Special Aspects of Standby External power supply agreement China, Energy Star, Australia, California Standby < 0.5W On-mode : > 0.09 * Ln (Pno) + 0.5 http://www.efficientpowersupplies.org/ IEA agreement on simple set-top boxes (decoders) 8 W active 1 W standby Remote control shifts from active standby http://www.iea.org/Textbase/work/workshopdetail.asp?id=103 INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY AGENCE INTERNATIONALE DE L’ENERGIE IEC Definition and Test Procedure will be formally adopted in late 2004 http://www.energyefficient.com.au/standby/IECTC59.html Definition: “The lowest power consumption mode which cannot be switched off by the user …. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY AGENCE INTERNATIONALE DE L’ENERGIE Korea Discussion Topics What appliances should be covered? Meier: “all products plugged into standard outlets” Which policy is better: Mandatory or voluntary? Meier: “mandatory, because all manufacturers will have the same costs; this is fairer to manufacturers” Should Korea adopt IEC Definition and Test procedure? Meier: “yes, copy Australia approach” In September 2003 Standards Australia published an interim test method for the measurement of standby power AS/NZS 62301-2003 (int.) and this is now available for purchase. This standard will be referenced by test methods or regulatory standards where standby requirements are specified. This is based on the IEC CDV of the standard of the same number. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY AGENCE INTERNATIONALE DE L’ENERGIE U S A Executive Order http://oahu.lbl.gov/ Energy Star http://energystar.gov/ California and other states http://www.energy.ca.gov/appliances/documents/index.html http://www.energy.ca.gov/appliances/index.html INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY AGENCE INTERNATIONALE DE L’ENERGIE 3 Years Ago President Bush Saw This Display INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY AGENCE INTERNATIONALE DE L’ENERGIE 2 months later http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2001/07/20010731-10.html July 2001 Executive Order on Standby Power “…Each agency… shall purchase products that use no more than one watt in their standby power consuming mode… where cost effective…” http://oahu.lbl.gov Product Current Executive Order Standby Levels (July 2004) See: http://oahu.lbl.gov Thank you Korea! Standby (W) TV 1 VCR 2 DVD 1 TV/VCR/DVD Combinations 3 Audio Product 1 Desktop Computer 2 Integrated Computer 5 Workstation 2 Laptop Computer 1 Computer Monitor 1 Printer 1 Fax 2 Copier 1 Multifunction Device 1 Docking Station 2 Scanner 1 Microwave Oven 2 Room Air Conditioner - Energy Star & Standby www.energystar.gov Focus of today’s specifications: Office equipment: sleep mode Consumer electronics: standby Generally weaker than Executive Order Future All modes for office equipment & consumer electronics & external power supplies Set-top boxes: 1 W on standby INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY AGENCE INTERNATIONALE DE L’ENERGIE California http://www.energy.ca.gov/efficiency/ California Energy Commission has authority to make standards Other states often copy California Proposed standards for external power supplies (same as Energy Star) simple decoder set-top boxes (8W/1W) INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY AGENCE INTERNATIONALE DE L’ENERGIE Japan Meeting Kyoto obligations is major reason for Japanese activity METI gave grants to industry to study problem Demonstration VCRs, microwave ovens, ACs 2001: The 3 major appliance manufacturers associations promise to reach 1-Watt on all major appliances by 2004 Standby is not included in TopRunner standards http://www.eccj.or.jp/top_runner/index.html INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY AGENCE INTERNATIONALE DE L’ENERGIE Australia First country to adopt a policy on standby http://www.energyrating.gov.au/standby.html Coordinated through Australian Greenhouse Office Actions so far Set goal of 1-Watt on all appliances Leads IEC tech. committee on test procedure Supported external power supply spec. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY AGENCE INTERNATIONALE DE L’ENERGIE China Recent study found high standby High growth rates expected Voluntary standby levels for TVs China is collaborating on specifications for external power supplies Set-top boxes INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY AGENCE INTERNATIONALE DE L’ENERGIE Europe http://energyefficiency.jrc.cec.eu.int/html/standby_initiative.htm Voluntary “Codes of Conduct” Power supplies (0.3 - .75 W depending on rating) Set top boxes TVs, VCRs?? Mandatory standards soon? “Ecodesign Early Directive” target will be standby INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY AGENCE INTERNATIONALE DE L’ENERGIE The Future of Standby http://standby.lbl.gov/CEC_Workshop/Docs/Standby_Measurements.pdf We still don’t know if standby energy use is growing or shrinking Some appliances are more efficient but now there are more appliances with standby! A “networked home” will be a high standby home if no measures are taken We need to monitor homes & offices INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY AGENCE INTERNATIONALE DE L’ENERGIE The Future of Standby (2) We need to change test procedures to include standby for large appliances (dishwashers, AC, etc. ) Standby --> LOw POwer MOde energy use Need to consider energy implications of all low power modes (lopomos) INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY AGENCE INTERNATIONALE DE L’ENERGIE End Thank You! [email protected] http://standby.lbl.gov INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY AGENCE INTERNATIONALE DE L’ENERGIE