Transcript Document
2012 AAPL ANNUAL MEETING SPONSORS
PLATINUM GOLD SILVER BRONZE SAN FRANCISCO SEMINAR
A wholly owned subsidiary of ExxonMobil
GOLF
58 th Annual Meeting - San Francisco June 13-16, 2012
Downhole Drilling Problems: Drilling Mysteries Revealed!
Kelli Fereday, BP
AAPL Copyright © 2012. All Rights Reserved.
Today’s Goal
Drillers have a term for downhole problems that can not be diagnoosed or understood: The objective of this session is to turn these mysteries into understandable and solvable opportunities for improvement
AAPL Copyright © 2012. All Rights Reserved.
Downhole Drilling Problems
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Industry Prevalence Types of Drilling “Trouble Time” Impact on Well Safety, Time, and Cost Causes and Diagnosis of Drilling Problems Examples and Remedies for Common Problems
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Downhole Failures
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Stuck Pipe Lost Circulation Wellbore Stability Well Control Q&A
AAPL Copyright © 2012. All Rights Reserved.
Typical Drilling Time Breakdown
Inefficient “Making Hole!
Invisible Lost Time 25% Non-Productive Time 25% Productive Time 50%
Drilling Problems
Impact on the Industry
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Biggest Impact - HSE
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Many drilling problems are also associated with increased risk to personnel
Example: Stuck Pipe May Require Jarring which can lead to dropped objects Example: Lost Circulation may lead to Lost of Well Control, resulting in potential Damage to the Environment, Fire and/or Harm to Personnel
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Impact on the Industry
Efficiency
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Estimates are as much as 10-40% (25% on average) of drilling time is non-productive time!
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US Rig Count ~1980 rigs, projected need by 2017 is 2500, or approximately a 25% increase
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Imagine being able to close that gap through improvements in drilling performance alone.
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US E&P Budget is about $170BB annually - > $$$
Baker Hughes Rig Count www.bakerhughes.com
How do we diagnose NPT?
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Drilling Reports
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Rig Morning Reports Mud Reports Cuttings Analysis Downhole and Surface
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Measurements Benchmarking
Sources of NPT – Deepwater Industry Example
Downhole Problems Equipment Problems
Top Sources of Downhole Problems
1. Downhole Equipment Failures 2. Downhole Cement Problems 3. Stuck Pipe 4. Lost Circulation 5. Wellbore Stability 6. Well Control
Likely Related to Geology
Downhole Equipment Failures
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A single equipment failure can
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Compromise the integrity of the well Cost Millions of Dollars to Repair Common Equipment Failures
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Casing
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Drillpipe Downhole Motors Downhole Measurement Tools
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MWD LWD
Vector Motors www.nov.com
Downhole Cement Problems
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Cement Left in Pipe
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Premature Setting Surface Equipment Pump Failures Cement Not Setting Properly
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Cement never sets – “Bad Shoe” or “No Shoe Test”
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Cement allows for gas migration
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Cement seeps away into faults or fractures – “Partial or Total Losses”
Picture from Halliburton website: generic example of a cemented wellbore
Stuck Pipe
1. Differential Sticking
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Pressure-related
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The pipe is “sucked” up against the formation due to a difference in pressure 2. Mechanical Sticking
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A mechanical obstruction
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Could be from the formation, wellbore geometry, or tool failure
Differential Sticking – A Pressure Problem
Mechanical Sticking – Dirty Wellbore
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Too many “solids” in the wellbore!
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Indications:
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higher pump pressure
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fill on bottom
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more “pull” required to move pipe excessive cuttings on shakers restricted circulation
Formations Fall in on the pipe!
Why?
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Unconsolidated Formations
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Poor Hole Cleaning Prevention
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maximise flow rates and rpm
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Better mud properties drill more slowly
Mechanical Sticking – Obstructions
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Obstructions
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Indications:
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more “pull” required to move pipe
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can still circulate
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Increased torque Unable to “make hole” Why?
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Junk in the Wellbore Hole Geometry Prevention
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equipment QA/QC
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housekeeping correct drillstring/BHA design
Tool Failures or Junk in Hole Doglegs or Underguage Hole
Stuck Pipe – How do we get free?
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Pull Harder (but don’t break it) Jar on Pipe Cut Pipe and Fish Increase or decrease circulation Pump other types of fluids or chemicals
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Lost Circulation
Conventional drilling utilizes continuous fluid flow down the drillpipe to:
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Remove cuttings
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Maintain pressure Cool the bit
Key indicator in understanding what is happening downhole
Circulation must be maintained at all times If the circulation is interrupted because fluid is flowing into the formation, that is called “Lost Circulation”
Lost Circulation - Causes
Induced
Lost Circulation - Solutions
LCM Prevention
Wellbore Stability
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An unstable wellbore can result in:
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Stuck Pipe Lost Circulation Loss of the entire wellbore
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2 Main causes are:
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Chemical Instability
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Reactive Formations
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Mechanical failure of wellbore
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Faults Insufficient Mud Weight
Well Control
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Well Control means the ability to keep the hydrocarbons where they belong at all times – in the ground.
Common terms
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“Taking a Kick” Blowout Most dangerous downhole problem
Well Control
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What causes loss of well control?
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Multiple Barrier Failures Equipment Failures Loss of fluid pressure in the pipe counteracting the natural pressure existing in the formation
Mud
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Industry Methods dealing with Well Control
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Wellbore Monitoring Well Kill Methods - how to safely remove hydrocarbons from the wellbore
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Circulating Methods Non-circulating Methods
BOP
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Industry Challenges
The Great Crew Change
Peak Age of Petroleum Engineers
Pete Stark, VP of industry relations for IHS
80 60 40 20 43 2000 50 2006 60 2012 •
Well Complexity
Technology Game-Changers
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Rig Automation Advanced Downhole Tools Real-time montioring Managed Pressure Drilling Simulators for Training
www.weatherford.com