Chapter 10

Systems Development

Please discontinue use of cell phone and turn off ringer       An Overview of Systems Development Tools and Techniques for Systems Development Systems Investigation Systems Design Systems Implementation Systems Maintenance and Review Succeeding with Technology

10.1

An Overview of Systems Development

Key Terms • • • • •

Systems development Systems development life cycle System stakeholders Systems analyst End-user systems development

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Systems Development



Systems development

is the activity of creating new or modifying existing information systems.

 The

systems development life cycle (SDLC)

is the ongoing activities associated with the system development process including investigation, analysis, design, implementation, and maintenance and review.

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The SDLC

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Systems Analyst

 Systems Analyst: professional who specializes in analyzing and designing systems.

Knowledge Workers

Stakeholders

are those that stand to benefit from a new system. programmers Succeeding with Technology

Participants in Systems Dev.

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End-User Development

 Non-tech users are becoming increasingly involved in system and software development in businesses and organizations. Why?

 They understand the problems at hand  They are increasingly technically savvy  Software development tools are increasingly easier to use  Programmers are not able to keep up with organization demands Succeeding with Technology

10.2

Tools and Techniques for Systems Development

Key Terms • • • • • • •

Computer-aided software engineering (CASE) tools Flowchart Decision Table Project management Prototyping Outsourcing Object-oriented systems development

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CASE Tools



Computer-aided software engineering (CASE) tools

automate many of the tasks required in a systems development effort Succeeding with Technology

Flowchart

 A

flowchart

is a system design diagram that charts the path from a starting point to the final goal of a system.

 A

decision table

is a systems development tool that displays the various conditions that could exist in a system and the different actions that the computer should take as a result of these conditions.

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Project Management

 The overall purpose of

project management

is to plan, monitor, and control necessary development activities.

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Gantt Chart

Iterative Approach

 With the

iterative approach

, each phase of the SDLC is repeated several times (iterated).



Prototyping

typically involves creating a preliminary model or version of a major subsystem, or a small or scaled-down version of the entire system.

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Outsourcing and Offshoring



Outsourcing

is a business’ use of an outside company to take over portions of its workload.



Offshoring

relocates an entire production line to another location, typically in another country with cheaper labor, lower taxes, or other financial benefits.

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10.3

Systems Investigation

Key Terms • •

Systems investigation Feasibility analysis

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SDLC

Systems Investigation

 The overall purpose of

systems investigation

is to determine whether or not the objectives met by the existing system are satisfying the goals of the organization.

 A key part of the systems investigation phase is

feasibility analysis

, which investigates the problem to be solved or opportunity to be met.

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10.4

Systems Analysis

Key Terms • •

Systems analysis Requirements analysis

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SDLC

Systems Analysis



Systems analysis

attempts to understand how the existing system helps solve the problem identified in systems investigation and answers the question, “What must the computer system do to solve the problem?”  The overall purpose of

requirements analysis

is to determine user, stakeholder, and organizational needs.

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10.5

Systems Design

Key Terms • •

Systems design Request for proposal (RFP)

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SDLC

Systems Design

 The purpose of

systems design

is to select and plan a system that meets the requirements defined in the requirements analysis.

 The

request for proposal (RFP)

is generated during systems development when an organization wants a computer systems vendor to submit a bid for a new or modified system.

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10.6

Systems Implementation

Key Terms • • • • •

Systems implementation Direct conversion Phase-in approach Pilot startup User acceptance document

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SDLC

Systems Implementation



Systems implementation

includes hardware acquisition, software acquisition or development, user preparation, hiring and training of personnel, site and data preparation, installation, testing, startup, and user acceptance.

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10.7

Systems Maintenance and Review

Key Terms • •

Systems maintenance Systems review

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SDLC

Systems Maintenance and Review



Systems maintenance

involves checking, changing, and enhancing the system to make it more useful in achieving user and organizational goals.



Systems review

, the final phase of the systems development life cycle, is the process of analyzing systems to make sure that they are operating as intended.

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Chapter 10 Questions?

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