Transcript Smart Grids - National Measurement Institute

Repowering a Nation:
Establishing Standards for the U.S.
Smart Grid
George W. Arnold, Eng.Sc.D.
National Coordinator for Smart Grid Interoperability
National Institute of Standards and Technology
U.S. Department of Commerce
NIST Today: Mission
•To promote U.S.
innovation and industrial
competitiveness by
advancing
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measurement science,
standards, and
technology
in ways that enhance
economic security and
improve our quality of life
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NIST At A Glance
Major Assets
 ~ 2,900 employees
 ~ 2600 associates and facilities users
 ~ 1,600 field staff in partner organizations
 ~ 400 NIST staff serving on 1,000
national and international standards
committees
Major Programs
 NIST Laboratories
 Baldrige National Quality Program
 Manufacturing Extension Partnership
 Technology Innovation Program
NIST main campuses
Gaithersburg, MD
Boulder, CO
NIST Budget ($ in Millions)
Additionally, 2009 Recovery Act provided $612 M
($350 M for construction, $262 M for research)
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U.S. Electric Grid
• 3100 electric utility
companies
• 10,000 power plants
• 157,000 miles of highvoltage lines
• 140 million meters
• $800 billion in assets
• $247 billion annual
revenues
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Today’s Electric Grid
Generation
Markets and Operations
Transmission
Distribution
One-way flow of electricity
Centralized, bulk generation
Heavy reliance on coal, natural gas
Limited automation
Limited situational awareness
Consumers lack data to manage energy usage
Customer Use
Why Do We Need Smart Grids?
Fundamental Drivers
Smart Grid goals
• Climate change
• Energy security
• Lifestyle dependent on
electricity
• Jobs
• Reduce energy use
overall and increase grid
efficiency
• Increase use of
renewables (wind and
solar don’t produce
carbon)
• Support shift from oil to
electric transportation
• Enhance reliability and
security of the electric
system
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Current Grid is Inherently Inefficient
PJM Real Time Load Duration
20% of capacity is needed to serve
5% of highest usage hours
Source: PJM
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Integration of Renewables Presents New
Challenges due to Variability
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Source: PJM
Why Electric Vehicles?
Electrification of
transportation could
• Displace half of US oil
imports
• Reduce CO2 20%
• Reduce urban air
pollutants 40%-90%
• Idle capacity of the power
grid could supply 70% of
energy needs of today’s
cars and light trucks
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Southern California Edison Forecasted
EV Charging Load
2020 SUMMER LOAD IMPACT – NO UTILITY INVOLVEMENT*
2020 SUMMER LOAD IMPACT – WITH UTILITY INVOLVEMENT*
26,000
26,000
24,000
24,000
22,000
22,000
20,000
20,000
MW
MW
Worst Case
18,000
18,000
16,000
16,000
14,000
14,000
12,000
12,000
10,000
10,000
1 2 3
Hours
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Initial Load Forecast
Ports
Rail
T rucks
Forklifts
PEVs
1 2 3
Hours
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Initial Load Forecast
Ports
Rail
T rucks
Forklifts
PEVs
*Based on predicted 1.6 million Evs on the SCE grid
Copyright 2009 Southern California Edison
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What Will the Smart Grid Look Like?
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High use of renewables – 20% – 35% by 2020
Distributed generation and microgrids
“Net” metering – selling local power into the grid
Distributed storage
Smart meters that provide near-real time usage data
Time of use and dynamic pricing
Ubiquitous smart appliances communicating with the grid
Energy management systems in homes as well as
commercial and industrial facilities linked to the grid
• Growing use of plug-in electric vehicles
• Networked sensors and automated controls throughout
the grid
Smart Grid = Green Jobs
• KEMA Study for GridWise Alliance estimates:
• 280,000 new jobs in early deployment years
• 140,000 new jobs in steady state
• Utilities, their contractors and supply chain
Smart Grid: The “Enernet”
2-way flow of electricity and information
Graphics courtesy of EPRI
Energy Independence and Security Act
Defines ten national policies for the Smart Grid:
1. Use digital technology to improve reliability, security, and efficiency of the
electric grid
2. Dynamic optimization of grid operations and resources, with full cybersecurity
3. Integration of distributed renewable resources
4. Demand response and demand-side energy-efficiency resources
5. Automate metering, grid operations and status, and distribution grid
management
6. Integrate `smart' appliances and consumer devices
7. Integrate electricity storage and peak-shaving technologies, including
plug-in electric vehicles
8. Provide consumers timely information and control
9. Interoperability standards for the grid and connected appliances and
equipment
10. Lower barriers to adoption of smart grid technologies, practices, and
services.
Government Roles in Smart Grid
Federal
Other Federal
Agencies
Smart Grid Task Force
Federal
Energy
Regulatory
Commission
State
Public Utility Commissions
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Smart Grid Investment Grants
Category
Integrated/Crosscutting
$ Million
2,150
AMI
818
Distribution
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Transmission
148
Customer Systems
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Manufacturing
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Total
Geographic Coverage of Selected Projects
3,429
18 million smart meters
1.2 million in-home display units
SGIG Topic Areas
206,000 smart transformers
177,000 load control devices
170,000 smart thermostats
877
networked phasor measurement units
671
automated substations
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PEV charging stations
Smart Grid Stakeholders
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Appliance and consumer electronics
providers
Commercial and industrial equipment
manufacturers and automation vendors
Consumers – Residential, commercial,
and industrial
Electric transportation industry
Stakeholders
Electric utility companies – Investor
Owned Utilities (IOU)
Electric utility companies - Municipal
(MUNI)
Electric utility companies - Rural Electric
Association (REA)
Electricity and financial market traders
(includes aggregators)
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Power equipment manufacturers and
vendors
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Professional societies, users groups,
and industry consortia
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R&D organizations and academia
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Relevant Federal Government
Agencies
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Renewable Power Producers
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Retail Service Providers
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Standard and specification
development organizations (SDOs)
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State and local regulators
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Testing and Certification Vendors
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Transmission Operators and
Independent System Operators
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Venture Capital
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Independent power producers
Information and communication
technologies (ICT) Infrastructure and
Service Providers
Information technology (IT) application
developers and integrators
Why Do We Need Standards?
Whirlpool Corporation To
Produce One Million Smart
Grid-Compatible Clothes
Dryers by the End of
2011…
Standards for data
communication,
price information,
schedules, demand
response signals
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Standards Come From Many Sources
International
Global
Consortia
Regional and
National
Electric Vehicles Require Many Standards
J2293 (Communication)
Smart Energy 2.0
National Electric
Code
(Enclosures)
National
Electric
Safety Code
(Battery)
C12 (Meter)
J1772 (Connector)
1547 (Distributed energy interconnection)
61850 and 61970/61968 Information models
Demand response
& price signaling
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The Need for Standards is Urgent
Example: Smart Meters
• Key element of smart grids
• 40 million to be deployed in
the next several years in US
• Rapid technology evolution
• Absence of firm standards
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White House Meeting May 2009
• Commitment to
accelerate
development of a
roadmap
• Chaired by Secretaries of
Energy and Commerce
• 66 CEOs and senior
executives, federal and state
regulators
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NIST Three Phase Plan
PHASE 1
Identify an initial set of
existing consensus
standards and develop
a roadmap to fill gaps
PHASE 2
Establish public/private
Standards Panel to provide
ongoing recommendations for
new/revised standards
PHASE 3
Testing and
Certification
Framework
2009
March
2010
September
Priorities for Standardization
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Demand Response and Consumer Energy Efficiency
Wide Area Situational Awareness
Electric Storage
Electric Transportation
Advanced Metering Infrastructure
Distribution Grid Management
Cyber Security
Network Communications
Open, Public Process
• Three public workshops
• More than 1500
participants
• Hundreds of companies,
organizations, agencies
• Online collaboration wiki
• White House-sponsored
blog
• Federal Register Notices
• Web conferences
• All information publicly
available on-line
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Release 1.0 Framework
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Published January 2010
Smart Grid Vision
Reference Model
75 standards identified
15 priority action plans
to fill gaps
• Cyber security strategy
• Next steps
Smart Grid Domains
NIST Smart Grid Reference Model
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Communications for the SG
• Many different applications
– Home energy automation, smart meters, distribution
automation, SCADA, enterprise, …
• Diverse geographic environments
– Urban, suburban, rural
• Many technologies
– Wireless and wired WANs, MANs, LANs, PLC
• Multiple ownership models
– Utility-owned and operated facilities as well as carrierprovided services
• Will be predominantly Internet Protocol-based
• Resiliency, reliability, and security are critical
requirements
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Smart Grid Will Use International Standards
•ISO/IEC/ITU
•IETF
•IEEE/SAE/ISA
•Global consortia
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Ensuring Security and Privacy
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Smart Grid Cyber Security Strategy
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Smart Grid Measurement Research Needs
• Transmission and Distribution
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Phasor Measurement Unit testing and calibration
Smart meter testing/calibration
Voltage and current transformer calibration
Embedded small, inexpensive sensors in T&D networks
• Storage
– Battery performance measurement and characterization
• Buildings
– Building automation sensor integration
– Characterization as a thermal storage resource
• Information and communications
– Network performance evaluation
– Cyber security testing and evaluation
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Smart Grid Interoperability Panel
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Public-private partnership formed November 2009
Permanent body
Supports NIST in setting standards for U.S. smart grid
Coordinates, does not develop standards
Over 550 member organizations, 1700 representatives
22 stakeholder categories – utilities, renewable power
suppliers, electric equipment suppliers, ICT, appliance
makers, automation suppliers, standards developers,
regulators, venture capital, …
• Open, transparent process
• International participation
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Smart Grid Interoperability Panel (cont’d)
• SGIP Governing Board
– Approves and prioritizes the work of the SGIP
– Coordinates necessary resources (in dialog with SDOs, user
groups, and others) to carry out finalized action plans in
efficient and effective manner.
• Standing Committees
– SG Architecture Committee (SGAC)
– SG Testing and Certification (SGTC)
– Additional Committees will be created as needed
• Working Groups
– Cyber Security Coordination Task Group
– Domain Expert Working Groups (DEWGs)
• NIST Federal Advisory Committee also in formation
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Further Information
• Web portal: http://www.nist.gov/smartgrid
• Contact:
– George Arnold, National Coordinator
– Email: [email protected]
– Telephone: +1.301.975.2232
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