Transcript Long Term 2 Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule Overview

Long Term 2 Enhanced Surface
Water Treatment Rule – LT2
Please
ask questions as we go along
Mark McIntire
Drinking Water Program
SDWWA Water Seminar
February 7, 2006
1
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Review



Source for many large systems in
SD.
Especially vulnerable to microbial
contamination
Crypto, E. coli, and Giardia lamblia
present in most surface waters
2
Disinfection & Filtration



Disinfection
Essential part of water
treatment
Creates DBPs
Crypto resists traditional
disinfectants




Filtration
Most surface water systems filter
Key barrier against microbial
contamination
Physical process can remove Crypto
Disinfection still necessary
3
Understanding “log” removal

Refers to percent of Crypto that is removed or
inactivated by treatment or other measures
Log
0.5-log
1-log
2-log
3-log
4-log
5-log
% removal/inactivation
68.4%
90%
99%
99.9%
99.99%
99.999%
4
System B
Source
Water
System A
100,000 Crypto oocysts
100 Crypto oocysts
Crypto
Reduction
2-log removal/ inactivation
(99%)
2-log removal/ inactivation
(99%)
Finished
Water
“Log” Removal Example 1
1 Crypto
1,000
Cryptooocyst
oocysts
1 Crypto oocyst
Both systems provide the same level of Crypto
removal/inactivation, but System B provides higher quality finished
water
5
Source
Water
System A
System B
100,000 Crypto oocysts
100 Crypto oocysts
Crypto
Reduction
5-log removal/ inactivation
(99.999%)
2-log removal/ inactivation
(99%)
Finished
Water
“Log” Removal Example 2
1 Crypto oocyst
1 Crypto oocyst
Both systems provide the same public health protection, but
System A must work harder!
6
Crypto
Finished
Water
Reduction
Source
Water
“Log” Removal Example 3
System A
System B
1,000 Crypto oocysts
1,000 Crypto oocysts
3-log removal/ inactivation
(99.9%)
2-log removal/ inactivation
(99%)
1 Crypto oocyst
10 Crypto oocysts
System A and B have the same source water Crypto level but
System A provides a greater level of removal/inactivation, resulting
in higher quality finished water!
7
M-DBP History

LT2ESWTR (2006)
 Improves
microbial protection
 Builds on SWTR, IESWTR, & LT1ESWTR
 Does not change any existing requirements
from SWTR suite
 Flexible, risk-based rule based on new Crypto
data

The amount of Crypto detected in the source water
determines the additional levels of required treatment
8
SWTRs Summary
SWTR
(1989)
IESWTR
(1998)
LT1ESWTR
(2002)
LT2ESWTR
(2005)
• All Subpart H systems
• Reduce risks from Giardia lamblia & viruses
• Subpart H systems serving > 10,000
• Address Crypto with improved treatment
• Requirements similar to IESWTR applied to
Subpart H systems serving < 10,000
• All Subpart H systems
• Target additional treatment at highest-risk
systems
Questions?
NEXT
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Purposes of the LT2ESWTR

Improve public health protection
 Reduce
illness caused by Crypto and other
microorganisms
 Tailor requirements based on:



Level of treatment
Source water quality
System size
 Provide
 Most
systems and states with flexibility
systems will only need to monitor
10
Applicability

All Subpart H systems
 Use
surface water or GWUDI sources
 CWSs, NTNCWSs, TNCWSs
 Wholesale systems

Compliance deadlines and options based
on number of people served
 Divided
into four schedules
 Wholesale systems with own Subpart H
source(s) comply based on population of
largest system in their CDS
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Schedules
If you have a Subpart H source and are this kind
of system:
You are
on
Schedule
number:
System serving 100,000 or more people OR a wholesale
system in a CDS that contains a system serving >100,000
1
System serving 50,000 to 99,999 people OR a wholesale
system in a CDS that contains a system serving 50,000 to
99,999
2
System serving 10,000 to 49,999 people OR a wholesale
system in a CDS that contains a system serving 10,000 to
49,999
3
System serving fewer than 10,000 and not a wholesale
system
4
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LT2ESWTR Process
0
Systems
installing
max
treatment
1
Systems Subject to LT2
Small systems w/
low E. coli
Initial Round Source
Water Monitoring
2
Bin Classification
3
Choose Toolbox
Option(s)
4
Implement Tool(s)
5
Second Round Source
Water Monitoring
Bin 1
systems
13
1
Source Water Monitoring

Requirements based on:
 System
size
 Wholesale status
 Source water
 Operating calendar

Initial round
 Start
date based on system size
 For wholesale systems, based on
largest system in CDS

Grandfathering is permitted
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2
Bin & Treatment Overview

Filtered PWSs are classified into one of
four bins
 Based

on initial monitoring results
May set additional requirements
 Bin
1: no additional treatment
 Bins 2, 3, 4: additional treatment or control
processes

Covered in future trainings
15
3
Toolbox Options

Range of treatment and control process options
to meet bin requirements:
 Source
protection and management
 Prefiltration
 Treatment performance
 Additional filtration
 Inactivation*


Offer Crypto treatment credits
Options discussed in depth at future trainings
* Unfiltered systems are limited to these tools
16
4
Implement Option(s)

Install chosen treatment to meet bin
requirements:
1 – April 1, 2012
 Schedule 2 – October 1, 2012
 Schedule 3 – October 1, 2013
 Schedule 4 – October 1, 2014
 Schedule


State can allow up to 2 additional years
Covered in future trainings
17
5
Follow-Up Monitoring

Subsequent source water monitoring
6
years after initial bin classification (filtered
systems)
 Same requirements apply
Can lead to bin reclassification
 Covered in future trainings

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Implementation Timeline
Schedule
2006
1
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Treatment
installation
Crypto
monitoring
1
2012
2013
Possible
extension
Schedule
2006
2
2007
2008
2009
2010
Crypto
monitoring
2011
2012
Treatment
installation
3
2007
2008
2009
2010
Crypto
monitoring
2011
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2017
2018
2019
2018
2019
Crypto
monitoring
2
2013
2014
2015
Possible
extension
Schedule
2006
2014
2012
Treatment
installation
2016
Crypto
Monitoring
3
2013
2014
2015
Possible
extension
2016
2017
Crypto
Monitoring
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Implementation Timeline
Schedule
2008
2009
4
E.
coli
4
E. coli
4
E.
coli
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
4
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
E.
coli
Crypt
o
Treatment
installation
Treatment
installation
Crypto
Monitoring
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
Possible
extension
E. coli
Crypt
o
Possible
extension
E.
coli
Crypt
o
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
20
Profiling and Benchmarking



Balance risks between microbial
pathogens and DBPs
Impact of Stage 2 DBPR and Crypto
requirements
Required when altering disinfection



Develop profile for Giardia lamblia and
viruses
Calculate benchmark
Requirements go into effect upon
completion of initial monitoring
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Source Water Sampling

Source Water Monitoring
 For
systems using surface water and serving 10,000
people or more

Must monitor for Crypto, E. Coli and turbidity once a month for
24 months

Seasonal systems must collect at least 6 samples evenly
spaced through months of operation
 Systems
using surface water and serving less than
10,000 people (Schedule 4 system) must monitor for
E. coli once every 2 weeks for 12 months,
However (next slide)
22
Source Water Sampling (cont.)
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Systems less than 10,000 people using lake or reservoir
sources
 If the annual mean E. coli concentration is greater than
10 E. coli per 100 mL, the system must collect 24
Crypto samples in either one or two years

Systems less than 10,000 people using flowing stream
sources
 If the annual mean E. coli concentration is greater than
50 E. coli per 100 mL, the system must collect 24
Crypto samples in either one or two years
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Source Water Sampling Schedules


Systems must submit to State or CDX a sampling schedule
that specifies the calendar dates when the system will collect
each required sample, 3 months prior to start of sampling
Systems must collect the samples within two days before or
two days after the dates indicated in their sampling schedule
System
Population
Submit Sampling
Schedule &
Location
Begin
Monitoring
> 100,000
July 1, 2006
Oct. 1, 2006
50,000 to 99,999
Jan. 1, 2007
April 1, 2007
10,000 to 49,999
Jan. 1, 2008
April 1, 2008
< 10,000
July 1, 2008
Oct. 1, 2008
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Source Water Sampling Locations

Where do I collect my sample?

Systems must submit a description of their sampling
location to the State or DCTS at the same time as the
sampling schedule is required to be submitted.
Systems must collect source water samples (crypto, E.
Coli and turbidity) prior to any chemical treatment.
Systems that recycle filter backwash water must collect
source samples prior to the point of filter backwash
addition.
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
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Sampling Before Chemical Treatment & Filter
Backwash Recycle
Raw water
intake
Sample
point
Source
water
Treatment plant
Filter backwash recycle
(if applicable)
Raw water
chemical building
Note: Sample
point 1 is
BEFORE
introduction
of recycle
Sample
point 1
Sample
point 2
Chemical
addition
Filter backwash recycle
(if applicable)
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Approved Laboratories



Crypto and E. Coli sample analysis must be performed at
EPA approved laboratories
Crypto samples must be sent to a lab from the list found on
this EPA Website
http://www.epa.gov/ogwdw/disinfection/lt2/lab_aprvlabs.html
E. Coli samples for this monitoring must be counts (enumeration),
not just presence/absence like routine monthly sampling



Most labs in SD should be able to do this, but ask them first
Also make sure that when you submit samples, the lab sheets indicate
that you want E. Coli counts not P/A
Turbidity – the system is allowed to take their own turbidity.

Make sure your turbidimeter has been calibrated according to
manufacturers specifications.
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Reporting Results
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Systems must report results from source water monitoring
no later than 10 days after the end of the first month
following the month when the sample is collected
EPA should be contacting all systems with a letter telling
you how to access the CDX system.
Systems serving at least 10,000 people must submit the
results electronically through EPA’s CDX system.



Hopefully the labs will be able to submit the results for you.
Make sure you fill out the lab sheets completely.
Systems serving less than 10,000 will be allowed to submit
their source water data directly to the state. However, if
the system registers in the CDX system, they may be able
to get the labs to submit their results for them.
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Reporting Results (cont.)
What am I required to report?
For Crytpo Analysis
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
PWS ID#
Facility ID #
Sample Collection Date
Sample Type (field or matrix
spike)
Sample Volume Filtered (L)
Was 100% of filtered volume
examined (yes/no)
Number of oocysts counted
For E. Coli Analysis
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
PWS ID#
Facility ID #
Sample Collection Date
Analytical method #
Method Type
Source Type
E. Coli/100 mL
Turbidity (only for systems
greater than 10,000)
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Questions????
•
•
Drinking Water Program
773-3754
Drinking Water Program website:
•
•
http://www.state.sd.us/denr/dw
EPA website:
•
http://www.epa.gov/OGWDW/
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