Transcript Digital Koto Scores - CCRMA

Digital Koto Music Scores
Forum on Information Technology (FIT) 2002
IPSJ & IEICE; Tokyo Institute of Technology
Craig Sapp
([email protected])
Stanford University
Sachiko Deguchi
([email protected])
Kogyokusha College of Technology
Purpose
• Develop computer printing system for koto music
• Arabic numeral notation for Western students of koto.
• Typeset new compositions for koto music.
• Convert Western music notation into koto notation.
• Create digital encoding format for koto scores.
• Electronic database of koto music.
• Analysis of koto music.
The Koto
String 1
Performer
sits here
String 13
Existing Typeset Koto Music
Yamada school engraved music:
Ikuta school
engraved music:
Our computer-typeset music:
Computer Typesetting Process
A: Ideally spaced music with spacing boxes visible.
•Only music elements with controlling widths.
•Spacing ratio of 0.65 for duration ratio of 1:2.
B: Spacers scaled to fit music in margins.
•Box widths all scaled by the same amount.
•Widths of music elements not scaled.
C: Vertical elements added.
•Add ornaments (e.g.: hiki), fingerings, rhythmic beaming
•Final score output is in PostScript format
•vector graphics (scalable)
•convertible to PDF format
Koto Notation Encoding Problems
•Most computer music application written for standard
Western notation.
•Standard Western notation does not map well to koto score
•many glissando techniques in koto music.
•standard koto tunings contain same pitch on
strings 1 + 5
•strings of koto can be re-tuned
•difficult to remember new pitch/string mappings
Symbolic Encoding Format
**koto
*M4/4
*tune[d:G:A:A#:d:d#:g:a:a#:dd:dd#:gg:aa]
{5+i
3
1s
=2
0}
{3|sb
3|sc
8|.
7||
6|
7|o
10, 11, 12, 13
=3
String numbers from 1 - 9 + A, B, C, D
1c
5|.
Rests: number 0
4||
3}
One beat by default
{1s
| symbol halves duration (Western beams)
=4
9
symbol for ornamentation placement
8|
7|
= barlines
8|.
{,} phrase markings
7||
6|
a, b, c fingerings
7|o
i, s, o ornaments
*-
•Based on the Humdrum File Format
for music research:
http://www.humdrum.net
•Pitch:
•Rhythm:
-
•Other:
Web Interface for Creating Scores
http://koto.sapp.org/score
Koto Notation to Western Notation
**koto
**kern
*M4/4
*M4/4
*tune[d:G:A:A#:d:d#:g:a:a#:dd:dd#:gg:aa]
{5+i
{2d
.
3
4A
•Automatic conversion from koto
1s
4d: 4G:
=2
=2
data to Humdrum kern data
0}
4r}
{3|sb
{8A: 8A#:
•Kern data can then be typeset
3|sc
8A: 8A#:
8|.
8.a
•kern mup
7||
16g
•kern MusicXML
6|
8d#
•MusicXML Finale
7|o
16gH
.
16ah
=3
=3
Western Notation to Koto Notation
•Program written to convert western notated music
into koto performance notation.
E mode
G mode
Tuning:
c:d:e:f:g:a:b:cc:dd:ee:ff:gg:aa
Electronic Data Conversion Paths
Humdrum Koto
Analysis
koto2kern
Performance
modeling
koto2eps
kern2koto
Humdrum Kern
paper
ms
Mup
krn2xml
smf
MIDI
MusicXML
dolet
Finale
sound
Further information
•Website for koto scores:
http://koto.sapp.org
•Humdrum koto data format specification:
http://koto.sapp.org/kotospec.html
•Koto score generating web interface:
http://koto.sapp.org/score