Transcript Congenital Urogenital Malformations

Prefinal
Topics

Renal agenesis
Renal hypoplasia
Renal fusion
Ectopic kidney
Ureteral atresia
Duplication of the
ureter
Supernumerary
kidneys
Renal agenesis

Virtually always unilateral.
Kidney is either absent or
undeveloped.
Usually causes no symptoms and
found incidentally.
Renal Agenesis

Renal hypoplasia

May appear as one small kidney with
the other one larger than normal.
Small kidneys also have small arteries
and are associated with hypertension
requiring nephrectomy.
Renal hypoplasia

Renal fusion (horseshoe
kidney)

Prevalence 1 in 1,000 people.
Most frequent abnormality seen is a
horseshoe kidney containing 2
excretory systems and 2 ureters.
Usually asymptomatic but are prone to
obstruction.
Renal fusion (horseshoe
kidney)

Ectopic (Pelvis Kidney)

In simple ectopy, the kidney does not
ascend properly and is found in the
pelvis or over the brim.
Prone to obstruction and infection.
Less commonly crossed ectopy without
fusion. The kidney then lies on the
opposite side and is not attached to the
normally placed kidney.
Ectopic Kidney (Pelvis
Kidney)

Ureteral atresia

The ureter may be absent or fails to extend to
the bladder and therefore with a blind
ending.
It is associated with ipsilateral absent or
multicystic kidney.
Bilateral atresia is incompatible with life.
Unilateral atresia is usually asymptomatic
but may cause hypertension.
Ureteral atresia

Duplication of the ureter

One of the most common congenital
malformations of the urinary tract with
duplication found in 0.9% of a series of
autopsies.
More common in females and is often
bilateral.
Often asymptomatic but commonly presents
with persistent or recurrent urinary tract
infections.
Duplication of the ureter

Supernumerary kidneys

Third kidney is very rare and not to be
confused with the relatively common
unilateral duplication of the renal
pelvis.
Supernumerary kidneys
