Transcript Review Part II

Review Part I
Population, Migration, and
Cultural Geo (Pop, Folk, Language,
Religion, Ethnicity)
Population
• Critical issues:
– More people are alive today than at any other time
in human history
– The world’s population increased at a faster rate
during the second half of the twentieth century
than ever before.
– Virtually all population growth today occurs in less
developed countries (LDCs), a.k.a. the economic
“periphery”
– Are we outgrowing our food supply?
Population
• 1/3 of population lives in China and India
• Clusters/concentrations:
• East Asia (Yellow/Yangtze)
• South Asia (Indus/Ganges)
• Europe (coal fields, Industrial Revolution)
• Southeast Asia
• North America (BosNYWash)
Population
• The ecumene describes the areas of human
habitation.
• Growth of world population is not a result of
women having more children.
– Longer life expectancies to blame
• Lower fertility rates will stabilize population
• Hard to predict because it depends on child-bearing
women
• Death rates
• Current trend: Aging populations of Japan, China
and Europe; declining TFR of in many MDCs
J-Curve
Population
• Second Agricultural Revolution HAD to occur before IR
– People had to be able to leave the farms to go work in
factories
– Improved methods and technologies, expanded storage, less
land used
– Greater efficiency = Less people needed to work farms AND
the food supply increased
• Industrial Rev- 19th
– Sanitation facilities, modern medicine, vaccines
– Increased food supply + medicine = extremely lower death
rates
– Migration to industrialized cities
Demographic Indicators
• NIR, TFR (2.1 = replacement rate), CBR, CDR,
IMR, life expectancy (biggest contributor tot
pop growth)
• Doubling time
• Patterns:
• MDC’s: LOWER NIR, CBR, TFR, IMR; HIGHER
life expectancy, CDR
• LDC’s: HIGHER NIR, CBR, TFR, IMR; LOWER life
expectancy , CDR
Population
• Consequences of Aging Population
• Old people retire and suffer health problems that
working people have to pay for (through taxes)
• Younger, working population pays these taxes
– Dependency ratio is % of population <15 and >65
• This is who depends on working population for support
– Aging index is # of people <15 and >65 in a society per 100
people
• BUT TFRs are falling everywhere on Earth
– People living longer + not having babies to replace = bad news!
Why?
Population
• Demographic Transition- a model of population
change where high birth rates and death rates
transition to low birth rates and death rates
relative (along with) to medical technology and
economic and social development.
– Stage 1: HIGH CBR and CDR, no countries here
– Stage 2: CDR drops = pop. Explosion! (IR and Medical
Revs)
– Stage 3: TFR drops = CBR drops (cultural and economic
factors at play: women in workforce, less kids needed in
city)
– Stage 4: CDR and CBR become the same until NIR = 0
(ZPG)
– Stage 5? Decline- CDR greater than CBR (Russia, Germ.)
Population
• Population Pyramids
Bar graphs that show us:
• Sex ratio- # of men per 100 women
• Age distributions
• Dependency ratio- under 15, over 65.
• Visuals of the Demographic Transition
Population
• Population spiked of second half of the 20th
century= few countries were in Stages with low
population growth.
• Most countries are in stages 2 and 3 and only a
few will reach stage 4 in near future = increased
world population growth
• Problem: In LDCs, CDRs have declined with
diffusion of medical technology but CBRs remain
high due to cultural reasons (religion prohibits
contraceptives)– How is this different form the
normal “transition” of what the DTM says?
Population
• Overpopulation (Thomas Malthus)- Fears that
the world’s population was outpacing the food
supply/production
• Adding more fields and crops year by year BUT
having 2 or 3 babies per family!
• Assumed food production was confined
spatially- limited to the land we have and you
can only eat what is grown in the country
Population
• Controlling Pop growth
• NIR can decline for only two reasons:
drop in CBR or increase in CDR
– I don’t think we would want to see an
increase in death rate…
• So, what is the most effective way to
decrease CBR?
Population
• 2 ways to reduce CBR
1.
The country becomes more economically
developed (Stage 4-5).
– Children are an economic/cultural burden in
developed cities
– IMR would decrease with improved medicine
2.
Use of contraceptives
– Faster results
– Diffused by MDCs
Population
• Policy govts enact to affect change in pop.
– Expansive: encourage large families
– Eugenic- favors one ethnic/racial group (Holocaust)
– Restrictive- recudce NIR (China’s one child policy)
• The Epidemiologic Transition roughly follows
the Dem. Tran. by tracking changes in the
leading causes of death (CDR) in each stage of
the Dem. Tran.— helps explains why death rate
is falling at each stage in the Dem. Tran.
Population
• Migration: A type of mobility/movement
that involves leaving home
– Cyclic movement
– Periodic movement
– Migration
• Immigration
• Emigration
Population
• Raventsein’s main laws
1. Every migration flow generates a return or
countermigration
2. Majority of migrants move a short distance
3. Longer traveling migrants mostly choose big-city
destinations
4. Urbanites are less likely to migrate than rural
peoples
5. Families are less likely to make international
moves than young adults
Population
• Gravity model
– Interaction is based on population and distance• Likely to travel further if destination is a large
populated city (Law #3)
• Distance decay
– Number of migrants decreases as the distance the
have to travel increases (inverse relationship)
– Affects pull factors- is it really worth it?
Population
Reasons for voluntary migration: There are
reasons why people move from a country
(source) to another (destination) voluntarily
Push and Pull factors:
1. Economic
2. Cultural
3. Environmental
Population
• Step migration
• Intervening opportunity
• Intervening obstacles (historically physical features,
currently govt policies like quotas)
• Sequent occupance
• Characteristics of migrants
– Most long-distance migrants are
• Male
• Adults
• Individuals
–Families with children = less common
Population
• Whenever people migrate the cultural landscape
of both the source country (where they are
coming from) and the destination are changed.
• People take their culture with them to their new place
(relocation diffusion)
• Global migration patterns
– Net out-migration: Asia, Africa, and Latin America
(LDCs)
– Net in-migration: North America, Europe, and Oceania
(MDCs)
• The United States has the largest foreign-born
population
Population
• Global Migration flows: Between 1500 and
1950, major global migration flows were
influenced largely by:
– Exploration
• Looking for spices, fame, dominance
• Helped map the world
– Colonization
• Biggest contributor
• The Atlantic Slave Trade
Population
• Jewish people back to Israel
– Britain encouraged Jews to Migrate back to Palestine
(1919-1948)
– UN partitioned area and established Israel as an indep.
state
– Palestinians fled to surrounding countries, were pushed
out of new Israeli territories
• European Guest workers- During the Marshall Plan,
Europe was in need of workers (lost millions in
WWII): 2 flows
1. Within European region itself- poor countries of Europe
to wealthier ones
2. From outside Europe- North Africa (France), Turkey
(Germany), Caribbean, India, Africa (to UK)
Population
• Remittances- money sent back to home country of
migrant for family = big source of income for some
countries
• Refugees may be eligible for asylum or denied entry
– Repatriation- Sending refugees back to country when its safe
Three main eras of migration
• Colonial migration from England and Africa
(Slave Trade/triangle trade)
• Nineteenth-century (1800s) immigration from
Europe (N/W first; S/E second)
• Recent immigration from LDCs (Latin America
and Asia)
Population
• Chain migration- going to same place where
previous migrants are located (from same
country) = clustering of certain nationalities
• Af Ams- Southeastern US
• Latin Ams- South/southwest US
• Asian- Western US
Population
Legacy of European migration
• Europe’s demographic transition
– Stage 2 growth pushed Europeans out (too
populated)
» 65 million Europeans emigrate
• Diffusion of European culture
– Colonization
– Language, politics, philosophy, art, etc
– America has become tied to European cultural
traditions
Population
• Isolationist policies lead to quota laws:
– Most immigrants were from West Europe at that
time (the “lighter” Europe)
– The quotas severely restricted immigration from
Southern and eastern Europe (the “darker”
Europe)
– Quotas also contribute to brain drain- US will only
accept the best and brightest from a country
Population
• Refugee vs economic migrant
• Since priority is given to skilled migrants (economic
pulls) and refugees have no quota (all are accepted),
we must distinguish between these two groups.
• US attitudes
– “Tolerated” early immigrants because they helped
“expand” the US’s frontier (once borders were closed
after manifest destiny, so should immigration)
– Increased hostility when immigrants were no longer
coming from Western European countries
Population
• US settlement patterns
• Colonial settlement
• Early settlement in the interior (early 1800s)
• California (Gold Rush in the 1840s)
• Great Plains settlement (new tech let us farm
and RRs to ship the long distance)
• Recent growth of the South (rustbelt to sunbelt)
– All these factors move our “center of population”
west and more recently, south
Population
• Intra(within)regional
– Migration from rural to urban areas (urbanization)
• Mostly in LDCs; MDCs already went through this
process during the Indust. Rev.
• Economic migration- going to live where their job is
(in the city)
– Migration from urban to suburban areas
(suburbanization)
• Mostly in MDCs
• Want a suburban lifestyle (own house, yard, safer)
– Migration from urban to rural areas
(Counterurbanization)
• Want a more relaxing lifestyle thought to be in the
“country”, escape city life
Population
• Inter(between)regional migration
• Russification- Russia has lots of ethnic groups,
trying to force assimilate other ethnic groups
to become Russian
– De-Russification in former Soviet Union states
(former satellite countries behind the Iron Curtain)
• Get rid of Russian language, culture, etc.
Interregional
Migration in USWhat Global
scale flow map
does not show
us!
Current trend:
Slowing
migration, mostly
into the South
Population
– Government incentives in Brazil (moving capital city =
forward capital) and Indonesia (paid migration)
– Economic migration within European countries
• East to West (poor to wealthy)
– Restricted migration in India (preserving Assam
region)
– Maquilladoras in Northern Mexico
• US factories in Mexico to take advantage of cheap
labor
• Labor shortage in Northern Mexico due to
Mexicans entering US (legally and illegally)
Population
• As the worlds population continues to grow
(LDCs in stage 2, high growth), the number of
migrants will expand as well
• The more migrants that are moving around,
the more different cultures will mix and raise
concerns about race, ethnicity, language and
religion (all are the next coming chapters!)
Cultural Geo- Pop v Folk
• Material culture- tangible artifacts
• Built environment- impact of humans on the
landscape
• Non material culture- religion, folklore,
superstitions
• Cultural landscape- culture reflected through
the built environment
Cultural Geo- Pop v Folk
• Folk culture
– Clustered, small area of influence; small group
– makes landscape unique; connection to enviro.
– relocation diffusion
– Info passed down from generation to generation
– Consists of homogenous people in the culture- keep
others out
– Folk culture may become globalized and made
“popular” ; commodification
Cultural Geo- Pop v Folk
• Pop culture
– Fast diffusion (expansion: hierarchical, contagious,
stimulus)
– Ignores environment- pollution, golf courses
– Hearth is in an MDC
– Consists of a heterogeneous group of people in the
“global culture”, but creates a homogenous group?
• All wearing jeans, listening to same music
• Uniform landscapes and placeslessness
– Can destroy local/folk cultures: globalization vs
local diversity
Cultural Geo- Pop v Folk
• Cultural appropriation- taking elements of one
culture and absorbing it into another (usually
folk swallowed by pop)
• Assimilation- dying out of old culture as it
becomes replaced with culture where now
living
• Acculturation- cultural change upon direct
contact with a different culture
Cultural Geo- Pop v Folk
• Rural local (more isolated, easier to maintain)
and urban local (clustered to keep values
within group, live in ethnic neighborhoods)
cultures
• Terroir- effects of local environment on food
(wine)
• Food preferences adapt to enviro and culture
• Little Sweden, Kansas
– Food taboos with religions
Culture- Pop v Folk
• Satellites help spread global culture
• Negative Impacts of Pop culture
– Increased demand/depletion of natural
resources
• Animal consumption (chicken, beef) leads
to grain depletion (feed)
– Pollution
• Pop culture produces waste (Garbage can
Ghana)
Cultural Geo- Language
• Language is the ability to communicate with
others
• Monolingual (one) vs multilingual (more than
one) countries
• Lingua franca: language of trade and business
– World: US
– Regional: Mandarin in Asia; Swahili in Africa
Cultural Geo- Language
• Mutual intelligibility- speakers of different
languages are unable to understand each other,
but speakers of 2 dialects of same language will
achieve mutual understanding
• Language shapes out thoughts, makes people
recognizable to others of the same culture
• Assimilation policies forbid local cultures to use
its language
– Loss of language = becoming invisible; thinking in
someone else’s language
Cultural Geo- Language
• English- most widely spoken; not official
language of US!
• Mandarin- most spoken in world
• Origin of English
– Germanic tribes go to British Isles (Angles, Saxons,
Jutes)
– Norman invasions of British Isles add French in to
mix
– Celts flee to Ireland, Wales
Cultural Geo- Language
• Statue of Pleading changes court/law
proceedings to English
• BRP= British Received Pronunciation/ “King’s
English”
• Printing Press- grammar books and
dictionaries printed to diffuse standard
language in England
Cultural Geo- Language
• Dialects: differ in vocab, pronunciation
(syntax), and spelling
• Isogloss- boundary of a language
• Pidgin language: mixture of languagebreaking down to simplest forms
• Trade language is MADE UP
• Creole language- blending of indigenous
language with that of the colonizer’s
Cultural Geo- Language
• Language Family (Indo-European)
– Sub families/branch (Germanic)
– Group (west Germanic)
• Individual language (English)
– Dialect (BRP)
• Branches of langauge comes from language
divergence due to isolation from other
speakers (1 language into 2)
– Pyrenees Mnts creates splits Latin into French and
Spain
Cultural Geo- Language
• Language Families
– Indo European (From India to Europe)
– Sino-Tibetan
– Afro-asiatic
– Niger-Congo
– Altaic
– Uralic
Cultural Geo- Language
• Indo-European branches
– Germanic
– Indo-Iranian (India-Iran; some written in Arabic)
– Balto-Slavic (East Europe; Cyrillic vs. Roman
Alphabet)
– Romance (from Latin; physical borders =
isoglosses; Roman Empire collapse leads to
isolation of speakers and creation of new
languages )
• French, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish, Romanian
Cultural Geo- Language
• Treaty of Tordesillas- line that divided world
into Spanish controlled West and Portuguese
controlled East = why Latin America speaks
Spanish and Brazil speaks Portuguese
• Comparing Europe's linguistic and political
maps shows a high correlation between the
languages spoken and the boundaries of
countries
• Toponym- place name
Cultural Geo- Language
• Proto-Indo-European (PIE) = first Indo
European speaker?
– Nomadic warrior/Conquest Theory
• PIEs were Kurgans from Russia/Kazakhstan who used
horses and weapons to conquer and spread language
– Sedentary Farmer Thesis/Dispersal Hypothesis
• PIEs from Anatolia (Turkey) who diffused language by
trading food; populations grew so speakers grew
• Nostraic language- Pre PIE! First language of
world?
Cultural Geo- Language
• Languages disappear as speakers adopt other
languages or the speakers die out.
• Extinct languages
– Political dominance or cultural preferences cause
one group to use another language over a local one
• Hebrew is an extinct languages that is being
revived
• Preserving endangered languages: Celtic,
Basque
Cultural Geo- Language
• Multilingual state- more than one language in use
– Belgium: North Flanders (Flemish) and South
Walloons (French) = Conflict
– Switzerland: peaceful coexistence between multiple
languages because of federal govts
– US (English and Spanish), Canada (English and French),
India (20+ official languages)
• Monolingual states- only one language in use
– Japan, Demnark, Iceland
– Due to migration and diffusion, no country is truly
monolingual
Cultural Geo- Religions
• YOU HAVE A CHART THAT OUTLINES THE
MAJOR RELIGIONS!!!! Refer to that for info!!
• Monotheistic- one god
• Polytheistic- many gods
• Secularists- separate religion from all aspects
of society
• Atheists- do not believe in any existence of
God
Cultural Geo- Religions
• Universalizing- proselytizing: diffusing through
missionaries (Christianity, Islam, Buddhism)
• Ethic religion- born into faith, do not seek
converts
• Christianity- most adherents
• Islam- fastest growing
• Theocracy- state ruled by religious leaders
(mostly in Islam; Sharia Law- state law based
on Quran)
Cultural Geo- Religions
• Christianity
– Roman Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, Protestant
(Baptist, Methodist, Lutheran)
– Church
– Jesus’ teachings; Bible
– Roman Empire diffused
– Pope is head (in Vatican City)
– Protestant reformation created the Protestant
branch- Martin Luther’s 95 Thesis
Cultural Geo- Religions
• Islam
– Youngest religion; led by imams (Sunni) or Ayatollah
(Shia)
– Muhammad founder; Allah is God
– Quran
– 5 pillars of faith (know them)
• Hajj to Mecca (holist city)
– Mosque with minarets
– Shiite (minority, except in Iran and Iraq) and Sunni
branches (majority worldwide, Indonesia has most
Muslims in world)
Cultural Geo- Religions
• Judaism
– Star of David
– Torah and Talmud are holy books
– God called Yahweh
– Fighting war in Israel/Jerusalem: struggle between
Jews and Muslims (Palestinians) over holy lands
• Islam- Dome of the Rock: where Muhammad ascended
into heaven
• Judaism- Western Wall/Wailing Wall
• Christianity- Church of Holy Sepulture- Where Jesus was
crucified and buried
Cultural Geo- Religions
• Hinduism
– Dharma, karma and reincarnation
• Follow the holy laws of Dharma to get good Karma and
then be reincarnated into a higher caste
– Caste system
• Classification based on karma in past life; social
segregation in Indian life
– Vedas are holy text
– Holy journey to Ganges River
Cultural Geo- Religions
• Buddhism
– Syncretic religion: combining two religions
• Can be Buddhist and another religion at same time
– Pagodas
– Founded by Siddhartha Gautama in Nepal
– 4 noble truths and 8 fold path
– Emperor Asoka helped diffuse
– Primarily in Aisa
Cultural Geo- Religions
• Sikhism
– Guru Nanak
– Rejects caste system of Hinduism; could be a blending
of Hindu and Islam in India
– Wear turbans, don’t shave beards
• Baha'i- classless and race-less society
• Mormon
– Polygamy, found in Utah- persecution led them across
US there
– AKA Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints
– Founded by Joseph Smith
Cultural Geo- Religions
• Animism- spirits animate natural objects;
shaman- person who connects human and
supernatural worlds
• Confucianism- feng shui (geomancy),
harmony, good relationships- big impact on
Chinese society
• Taoism
• Shintoism- in Japan, nature is divine; ancestor
worship
Cultural Geo- Religions
• Religious toponyms- places names for
religious reasons
• Interfaith- between religions: Palestine- Jews
and Muslims = 2 completely different faiths
• Intrafaith- within the religion: Ireland- conflict
over Catholics and Protestants (within one
faith- Christianity)
Cultural Geo- Ethnicity
• Ethnicity- Culturally based, same heritage,
beliefs, etc.
• Race = people who share a biological ancestor;
minor genetic differences among people that
developed as humans spread around world
– People have constructed racial categories to justify
power, economic exploitation and cultural
oppression = racism!
– Biologically there is only one human race
Cultural Geo- Ethnicity
• Hispanic is largest ethnicity in US
• Af Am migration patterns:
– From Africa in slave trade
– To north after Slaves freed/Civil War over
• Pulled to North for jobs during both World Wars
– Ghetto expansion- chain migration to ghettos
• Ghetto expanded into adjacent neighborhoods =
blockbusting, redlining and white flight
Cultural Geo- Ethnicity
• “Separate but Equal”
– Plessy v Ferguson  Jim Crow Laws in South
– Equal facilities = Equal treatment
– Brown v Board of Ed. ended this policy
• “White Flight”
– Rather than integrate, whites fled to suburbs fearing
the blacks would move in to their neighborhoods
Ghettos expanded into vacant neighborhoods
• Blockbusting-Buy low from whites, sell high to
blacks
Cultural Geo- Ethnicity
• “Jim Crow” laws were segregation laws in
South
• Apartheid in South Africa
• Blacks made to live in certain neighborhoods
• Ethnic cleansing
– Stronger ethnicity “cleansing” their country of a
weaker ethnicity to create a homogenous region
(i.e. a nation-state)
– Can take the form of genocide
Cultural Geo- Ethnicity
• Largest forced migration occurred during and after
WWII- Jews by Nazis and changing borders caused
people to relocate
– Only reason Judaism, an ethnic religion, is found all over
• Balkan Peninsula/former Yugoslavia
– Borders did not match nationalities/ethnicities
– Yugoslavia broke up after Tito’s death and the fall of
Communism in Soviet Union in 1991
• Balkanized = area that cannot be organized
peacefully
• Balkanization = term applied to the process of a
state breaking down due to ethnic conflicts
Cultural Geo- Ethnicity
• Rwanda Genocide: Hutu (majority, farmers) vs
Tutsi (minority, cattle herders)
• “drawn” borders from European colonial
powers do not match ethnic ones (Berlin
Conference)
• Tribes more important than states to African
people
– Tribes = ethnicities
Cultural Geo- Ethnicity
• Nationality- Identification with a group with
allegiance to a particular country
– Compare with ethnicity and race
• Nation states (all one ethnicity)
– Allows ethnicities, who want self-determination,
to govern themselves without interference =
cultural identity/preservation
– Space occupied by ethnicity must be same as state
boundaries
Cultural Geo- Ethnicity
• Muti-nation state: multiple nationalities within
one state
• Multi-state nation: when a SINGLE nationality
spans more than one state
– Irredentism: desire to reclaim land where ethnicity
lives outside country’s borders (Nazi Germany,
Kurds)
• Ethnonationalism: desire to for a country
around one ethnicity
Cultural Geo- Ethnicity
• Jewish Diaspora (dispersal): Romans kicking
Jews out of homeland (Israel)
• Darfur, Sudan- Arab nomads vs Muslim farmers
• India and the creation of Pakistan and
Bangladesh: Muslims vs. Hindus
• Kurdish ethnicity- stateless-nation
• Sihalese and Tamil in Sri Lanka
Cultural Geo- Ethnicity
• Centripetal force: unifies a country
• Centrifugal force: creates conflict within a
country
• Regional autonomy: giving a region of the
country/ethnic group living there some
autonomy
In contrast to folk culture, popular
culture is more likely to vary
A) from place to place at a given time.
B) from time to time at a given place.
C) both from place to place and from
time to time.
D) neither from place to place nor
from time to time.
In contrast to folk culture, popular
culture is more likely to vary
A) from place to place at a given time.
B) from time to time at a given place.
C) both from place to place and from
time to time.
D) neither from place to place nor
from time to time.
Which of the following characteristics
is more typical of a popular culture
than a folk culture?
A) It has an anonymous origin.
B) It diffuses slowly from its point of
origin.
C) It results in placelessness.
D) It is likely to be derived from
physical conditions.
E) Communication is more limited.
Which of the following characteristics
is more typical of a popular culture
than a folk culture?
A) It has an anonymous origin.
B) It diffuses slowly from its point of
origin.
C) It results in placelessness.
D) It is likely to be derived from
physical conditions.
E) Communication is more limited.
Russian is part of what language
branch?
A) Balto-Slavic
B) Germanic
C) Indo-Iranian
D) Romance
E) Altaic
Russian is part of what language
branch?
A) Balto-Slavic
B) Germanic
C) Indo-Iranian
D) Romance
E) Altaic
The second-largest language family
is
A) Indo-European.
B) Sino-Tibetan.
C) Afro-Asiatic.
D) Austronesian.
E) Dravidian.
The second-largest language family
is
A) Indo-European.
B) Sino-Tibetan.
C) Afro-Asiatic.
D) Austronesian.
E) Dravidian.
Which characteristic distinguishes
religion in Latin America from North
America?
A) having a Roman Catholic majority
B) having a Protestant majority
C) location relative to the Equator
D) Ethnic religions make up the
majority in one but not the other.
Which characteristic distinguishes
religion in Latin America from North
America?
A) having a Roman Catholic majority
B) having a Protestant majority
C) location relative to the Equator
D) Ethnic religions make up the
majority in one but not the other.
Followers of which religious branch do
not trace their origin to Abraham?
A) Eastern Orthodox
B) Buddism
C) Shiite
D) Sunni
E) Judaism
Followers of which religious branch do
not trace their origin to Abraham?
A) Eastern Orthodox
B) Buddism
C) Shiite
D) Sunni
E) Judaism
Which of the following is currently the
most important religion in the homeland
of the man who founded it?
A) Buddhism
B) Christianity
C) Hinduism
D) Islam
E) Shintoism
Which of the following is currently the
most important religion in the homeland
of the man who founded it?
A) Buddhism
B) Christianity
C) Hinduism
D) Islam
E) Shintoism
An examination of the distribution of
ethnicities in the U.S. reveals
A) ethnicities are clustered in urban areas.
B) different ethnicities cluster in different
U.S. regions.
C) ethnic neighborhoods contain a
heterogenous mix of ethnicities.
D) segregation and exclusion are a thing of
the past.
E) A and B
An examination of the distribution of
ethnicities in the U.S. reveals
A) ethnicities are clustered in urban areas.
B) different ethnicities cluster in different
U.S. regions.
C) ethnic neighborhoods contain a
heterogenous mix of ethnicities.
D) segregation and exclusion are a thing of
the past.
E) A and B
Which pair of concepts or entities from
South Africa and the United States is the
best match?
A) apartheid--"Jim Crow" laws
B) homelands--blockbusting
C) South African Nationalist Party--U.S.
Supreme Court
D) Nelson Mandela--white flight
Conflict in Africa is widespread because
of
A) colonial boundaries.
B) numerous ethnic groups.
C) rapid economic development.
D) all of the above
E) A and B.