Jan. 17, 2005

Detector R&D for the ILC

W. Lohmann, DESY

e

+

e

-

Collider

500 GeV – 1 TeV

•

Fixed and tunable CMS energy

•

Clean Events

•

Beam Polarisation

 gg

option

JINR Dubna BMBF

Physics Requirements for a Detector

Major Goal: Explore Elektroweak Symmetry Breaking Understanding of Particle Mass Generation Two cases: A light Higgs Boson, Identification of the Higgs (Mass, Spin, Parity), Couplings Measurement of Higgs Strahlung, e (‘golden physics channel’), with

d

(m l + e + l ) <<

G

Z Z H l + l X

Mass accuracy ~40 MeV Spin, Parity Higgs Field Potential, l

Or, no Higgs Boson

Strong Interactions of Gauge Bosons

-Reconstruction of the W’s from the measured Jet energies and directions

Impact on the Detector: e + e Z H bbe + e •

Excellent Tracking

•

Excellent Jet Reconstruction

•

Excellent Vertex Reconstruction (Flavour Tagging, e.g. to measure Higgs branching fractions)

Detector Hermeticity

SUSY: Detection of l

 

,



sleptons for small



m signal major background :

gg

ee

 

l

 0

l

 0

ee ~ 10 fb

 

(e)(e) ~ 10

6

fb

l l

– efficient electron and photon detection at small polar angles

Performance Requirements in Numbers:

Momentum resolution Impact Parameter dE/dx Jet energy resolution 10 х LEP 3 х LEP LEP 2 х LEP, HERA Granularity 200 х LEP, HERA Luminosity precision 3 x LEP Hermeticity > 5 mrad

Dedicated Detector R&D needed

Example- “TESLA” Detector

Silicon Vertex Detectors

Example: CCD technology 20x20  m 2 pixel, cos q =0.96, Inside a foam cryostat,180 0 K, thickness 0.01 % X 0 Critical: readout speed

Other options: MAPS and DEPFET technologies

Central Tracker- TPC

1.7 m radius, 3% X0, 4T B-field Challanges: Gas amplifiction system Field stability 100  m single point resolution

Other option for gas amplification: Micromegas

Examples of Prototype TPCs

Carleton, Aachen, Desy(not shown) for B=0 studies Desy, Victoria, Saclay (fit in 2-5T magnets)

B=4T Gas:P5 30cm

Prototype Results

Point resolution, Gem

- Two examples of σ_pt measured for Gems and 2x6mm^2 pads.

--In Desy chamber triple Gem isused --In Victoria chamber a double Gem --In general (also for Micromegas) the resolution is not as good as simulations expect; we are searching for why (electronics, noise, method).

FORWARD TRACKING Central region:

Pixel vertex detector (VTX) Silicon strip detector (SIT) Time projection chamber (TPC)

Forward region:

Silicon disks (FTD) Forward tracking chambers (FCH) (e.g. straw tubes, silicon strips) momentum resolution d

(1/p) =7 x 10 -5 /GeV +SIT :



(1/p) = 0.5 x 10 -4 GeV -1

Calorimetry

Electromagnetic Calorimeter Tungsten-Silicon sandwich. With pad of 1x1 cm and 40 layers, 24 X 0 , RM ~ 1 cm Other options: Shashlyk, Tile-Fiber, Scitillator-Si Hybrid  E /E = 11% / sqrt(E) Hadron Calorimeter Stainless steel Scintillator tile, other options: digital calorimeter (RPC’s)  E /E = 35% / sqrt(E) + 3%

HCAL TPC ECAL

e



e

 

WW

  ,

e



e

 

ZZ

  LEP ILC Energy flow measurement for jets: (Combined tracking, ECAL, HCAL)  E /E = 30%/ sqrt(E) 60 %

E

30 %

E

Example Si- Waver, 1 x 1 cm 2 pads

Calorimetry

Goal: detect electrons and photons, Photon direction from shower Detector slab

Example: Steel-Scintillator Sandwich HCAL with WLS fibre readout

Calorimetry

Example of tiles equipped with fibres Silicon PM’s for read out

m 42



20



m Resistor R n =400 k



Al

Example of tile-fibre geometry dependence; varies from ~9 to ~25.e./MIP

Depletion Region 2



m

2000 Hamburg, DESY, Dubna, MEPhI, Prague, LPI, ITEP 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 200 400

substrate U bias pixel h



R 50

600 Channel 

> =46 800 1000

MINICAL Prototype

First Tests with hadron beam in 2005

Very Forward Detectors

• • •

Measurement of the Luminosity with precision O(10 -4 ) Fast Beam Diagnostics Shielding of the inner Detector

•

Detection of Electrons and Photons at very low angle –

Beamstrahlung Depositions: 20 MGy/year Rad. hard sensors L* = 4m

extend hermeticity

300 cm VTX

IP LumiCal: 26 <

q

BeamCal: 4 <

q

PhotoCal: 100 <

q

< 82 mrad < 28 mrad < 400



rad

FTD

LumiCal BeamCal

Sensor prototyping, Diamonds

Pads Pm1&2

Diamond (+ PA) Scint.+PMT&

signal  ADC gate May,August/2004 test beams CERN PS Hadron beam – 3,5 GeV 2 operation modes: Slow extraction ~10 5 10 6 / s fast extraction ~10 5 -10 7 / ~10ns (Wide range intensities) Diamond samples (CVD): - Freiburg - GPI (Moscow) - Element6

DESY R&D Program (since year 2000)

The following proposals were approved: http://www.desy.de/prc/ • Barrel Calorimeters (electromagnetic and hadron) PRC R&D 00/01, 00/02, 01/02 • Vertexing PRC R&D 01/01(CCD), PRC R&D 01/04 (MAPS) PRC R&D 03/01(DEPFET), PRC R&D 03/02(SILC) • Tracking Time Projection Chamber, PRC R&D 01/03 • Forward Calorimeters, PRC R&D 02/01 These Collaborations represent the ‘state of the art’ in the fields

Additional Components

• • •

Beam Momentum Spectrometers (match the accuracy for m Positrons require sub % level) H ~ 40 MeV) Polarisation Diagnostics for Electrons and (electroweak precision measurements Accelerator-Detector Interaction (Lumi optimisation, Rad. Protection, BDS, Final Quad ’ s..) These components need dedicated R&D, Most of the topics are part of the ‘EuroTEV’ project coordinated by DESY (partly funded by EU)

Worldwide R&D

• •

Ongoing R&D Programs in Europe, US/Canada and Asia Currently the Effort is in the Process of Re-Coordination (Think Global-Act Local), Detector R&D panel will be formed soon

•

Next Milestones: LCWS Stanford, March 05 Snowmass WS, August 05 ECFA WS Vienna, Nov. 2005 And many special workshops ……

Concepts: Gaseous or Silicon Central Tracking?

B = 5T B = 4T B = 3T Small R Large R

Time Schedule ILC Detector

Step 2. To match accelerator CDR (2005 0r 2006?) Single preliminary costing and performance paper for all concepts. Step 3. To match accelerator TDR (2007?) Detector CDRs with performance on benchmarks, technical feasibility, refined costs etc. Received by WWSOC Step 4. When Global Lab. is formed (2008?) L.O.I.s for Experiments.

Global Lab.

invites TDRs.

Step 5. Global Lab. + 1 year (2009?) G.L. receives TDRs and selects experiments.

Its time to become a visible collaborator…

Summary

•

R&D for a linear Collider Detector will be a major effort at DESY in the next 5+x years

•

In 2008 we must be ready for LOI’s

•

In 2010 a clear scheme for the production of Subdetectors must be ready

•

There is world-wide activity going on lets unite our intellectual capacitance and expertise to invent the best performance subdetectors and demonstrate this to the community