Transcript Ann Bucklin - Smithsonian Institution

DNA barcoding the global marine zooplankton assemblage
Ann Bucklin1, Robert M. Jennings1, Brian D. Ortman1, Lisa Nigro1,
C.J. Sweetman1, Nancy J. Copley2, and Peter H. Wiebe2
1Department
2Department
of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, USA
of Biology, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, USA
Zooplankton images by Russell R. Hopcroft (Univ. of Alaska)
and Laurence P. Madin (Woods Hole Oceanographic Inst.)
2nd International Barcode of Life Conference
Taipei, Taiwan – September 17-21, 2007
We gratefully acknowledge support from:
the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation,
NOAA Office of Ocean Exploration, and
US National Science Foundation
Barcoding Marine Zooplankton
Hippopodius hippopus
Sapphirina metallina
Limacina helicina
Salpa cylindrica
 CMarZ effort to barcode 7,000 species in 15 phyla of holozooplankton
is ~25% completed, with >1,500 described species barcoded.
 At-sea DNA barcoding of identified specimens, with ship-board team
of expert taxonomists, is an effective and efficient approach to barcoding
zooplankton.
 DNA barcoding will aid species discovery; new species are being
discovered in biodiversity hotspots, under-sampled regions (deep sea),
among rare and fragile planktonic groups, and within circumglobal taxa.
 DNA barcodes will allow rapid, automatable, and remote species
identification and biodiversity assessments.
Barcoding Euphausiacea (Crustacea)
Ann Bucklin (UConn), Peter Wiebe (WHOI), et al.
Forty of 86 species, including 20 of
31 species of Euphausia, were
barcoded by Bucklin, Wiebe et al.
(2007).
Barcodes accurately and uniquely
identify and discriminate species,
and can reveal cryptic species
within widespread taxa.
Within species
Mean Pairwise Difference
0.18
0.16
0.14
0.12
0.1
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
0
Between species
Atlantic /
Pacific
cryptic
species
Variation
within
species
1% - 3%
Barcoding Copepoda (Crustacea)
A. Bucklin (UConn), N.J. Copley (WHOI), L. Nigro (UConn), J. Bradford-Grieve (NIWA)
 Copepods have many sibling species groups, differentiated by subtle
morphological or morphometrical characters (secondary sex characters).
 MtCOI barcodes provide ancillary characters for species identification; can reveal
cryptic species within geographically widespread species.
 Overall average difference between species is 23.1% for 91 species of copepods.
Barcodes
resolve some
species’
relationships
for some
genera
Congeneric
species may
not cluster
together in a
barcode tree
Barcodes can
both confirm
species
identifications
and reveal
errors
70
60
63
80
74
98
100
53
91
87
50
100
74
83
99
71
87
98
78
69
95
100
60
95
5
10
15
Percent difference
99
75
100
92
75
73
56
100
100
100
100
100
Clausophyes moserae
Erenna sp
Stephanomia amphitritis
Marrus orthocanna
Marrus sp
Bargmannia sp
Apolemia sp
Physophora hydrostatica
Frillagalma sp
Lychnagalma utriculata
Nectopyramis natans
Praya reticulata
Amphicaryon polifera
Amphicaryon earnesti
Amphicaryon acaula
Maresearsia praeclara
Forskalia tholoides
Physalia physalis
Rhizophysa eysenhardti
Rhizophysa filiformis
Nanomia bijuga
Halistemma sp
Nanomia cara
Agalma elegans
Agalma okeni
Athorybia rosacea
Athorybia sp
Lensia campanella
Rosacea cymbiformis
Rosacea sp
Forskalia conoidea
Hippopodius hippopus
Vogtia spinosa
Lilyopsis flurocantha
Lilyopsis rosea
Chuniphyes multidentata
Kephyes ovata
Dimophyes arctica
Sphaeronectes gracilis
Lensia quadriculata
Lensia hostile
Praya sp
Nectopyramis diomedeae
Lensia ajax
Lensia multicristata
Lensia exeter
Lensia grimaldi
Lensia meteori
Lensia fowleri
Forskalia asymetrica
Lensia conoidea
Lensia hospur
Sulculeolaria quadrivalvis
Lensia achilles
Eudoxoides mitra
Eudoxoides spiralis
Ceratocymba sp1
Diphyes dispar
Diphyes bojani
Enneagonum hyalinum
Abylopsis escholtzi
Abylopsis tetragona
Bassia bassensis
Ceratocymba sagittata
Ceratocymba sp2
Barcoding Siphonophora
(Cnidaria, Hydrozoa)
Brian D. Ortman (Ph.D. Disseration at University of Connecticut, USA
DNA barcodes completed for ~80 of 160 species of the Siphonophora; differ by 10% - 40% and clearly
resolve all species. Phylogenetic relationships above the genus level are not well-resolved; some evidence
of resolution of suborders PHYSONECTA, CYSTONECTA, and CALICOPHORA (names color-coded).
0
DNA Sequencing at Sea
UConn Team DNA set up a DNA barcoding laboratory during a CMarZ cruise to
the Sargasso Sea in April 2006, extracting and sequencing DNA at sea.
------------Species----------Group
Collect Barcode Known
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Ctenophora
22
13
90
Cnidaria
Hydromedusae
33
12
842
Siphonophora
70
55
160
Scyphozoa
7
4
161
Crustacea
Amphipoda
31
12
400
Copepoda
138
38
2,000
Euphausiidae
14
14
86
Ostracoda
58
36
169
Other Crustacea
18
15
23
Mollusca
Gastropoda
44
36
144
Other Mollusca
27
12
-Others
Larvacea
12
5
64
Nemertea
1
1
99
Polychaeta
3
3
110
Thaliacea
14
2
45
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Totals
534
258
4869