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Water Resources Management in Tuvalu with Special Emphasis on Rainwater Harvesting By Filipo.Taulima Tuvalu Case Study Copyright 1996-98 © Dale Carnegie & Associates, Inc. 7/17/2015 1 INTRODUCTION • WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT AND ASSESSMENT BOTH DETERMINE QUANTITY QUALITYAND AVAILABILTY OF WATER • IS PREDOMINANTLY THE PRE-REQUISITE FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT • RAINWATER IS THE ONLY RELIABLE CHEAP AND POTABLE WATER IN MOST ISLANDS IN TUVALU • NATIONAL PRIORITY-DEVELOPMENT PLAN AND TEN YEAR WATER PLAN Tuvalu Case Study 7/17/2015 2 COUNTRY PROFILE • Land area-26 sq.kms • No of islands: 9 low lying coral atolls • Population- approximately over 10,000 people • Climate- pleasantly tropical, if monotonous; no dry, wet or hot and cold seasons Tuvalu Case Study 7/17/2015 3 BACKGROUND INFORMATION THREE MAIN SOURCES OF WATER: • RAINWATER (main source) • WELL OR GROUNDWATER (supplementary) • DESALINATION WATER (emergency use only on 3 islands) Tuvalu Case Study 7/17/2015 4 RAINWATER HARVESTING THREE TYPES: • Individual household systems • Communal systems (large buildings) • Government houses: both private and communal Tuvalu Case Study 7/17/2015 5 OTHER WATER SOURCES • DESALINATION WATER (emergency) • GROUND WATER (supplementary) Tuvalu Case Study 7/17/2015 6 WATER QUALITY PROGRAMS • INSPECTION OF WATER CATCHMENT TANKS/CISTERNS AND WELLS • INSPECTION OF DRINKING WATER FOR RESTAURANTS, HOTELS AND OTHER PRIVATE BUSINESSES. • TO IMPLEMENT WATER QUALITY TESTING PRIOR TO DISTRIBUTION OF WATER TO INDIVIDUALS. Tuvalu Case Study 7/17/2015 7 TEN YEAR WATER PLAN • TO PROVIDE POTABLE, SAFE DRINKING WATER FOR INTENDED USES- WHETHER IT IS FOR DOMESTICS USE AGRICULTURE,COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY-BY THE YEAR 2002 • CONTROL METHODS OF DISPOSAL FOR DIFFERENT FORMS OF WATSES Tuvalu Case Study 7/17/2015 8 VISION, ISSUES and CONSTRAINTS • VISION - WATER RESOURCES SHOULD BE ADEQUATE AND SUSTAINABLE FOR FUTURE GENERATIONS • ISSUES - INCREASE IN POPULATION, INSUFFICIENT CATCHMENTS & STORAGE • CONSTRAINTS- FINANCIAL RESOURCES, TECHNICAL STAFF, GOVERNMENT PRIORITIES. • REQUIREMENT: HOLISTIC MANAGEMENT APPROACH Tuvalu Case Study 7/17/2015 9 NATIONAL CONSULTATION PROCESS • WATER AUTHORITY-PWD • MH, MNR, MEE - FORM TASKFORCE-consult • OUTER ISLAND KAUPULE-identify their needs • FORMULATE INTO PROPOSALS • SUBMISSION TO DCC FOR SUPPORT TO CABINET • CABINET TO REVIEW DCC SUBMISSION BEFORE APPROVAL Tuvalu Case Study 7/17/2015 10 PLAN OF ACTION • REQUIRE GOVERNMENT SUPPORT • FULFILL OBLIGATION OF WATER PLAN • INVESTIGATE IMPROVEMENT OPTIONS - INCREASE WATER STORAGE CAPACITY - RAINWATER HARVESTING FROM AIRPORT - APPROPRIATE USE OF DESALINATION (Emergencies) GREATER USE OF GROUNDWATER FOR 2nd CLASS USE • WATER SURVEYS FOR OUTER ISLANDS • GIS TRAINING • CAPACITY BUILDING Tuvalu Case Study 7/17/2015 11 FUTURE ACTIONS NEEDED • RESOLVE OUSTANDING ISSUES IDENTIFIED BY PREVIOUS REPORTS WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS TO THE WATER PLAN • REQUIRE SUPPORT AT NATIONAL LEVEL, REGIONAL LEVEL. • PLAN OF ACTION REQUIRED THE SUPPORT OF THE INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTION Tuvalu Case Study 7/17/2015 12 CONCLUSIONS • NEED TO IMPROVE WATER SITUATION IN FUNAFUTI AND OUTER ISLANDS • IN PARTICULAR, NEED TO IMPROVE RAINWATER COLLECTION SYSTEMS • EXAMINE OPTIONS and SELECT OPTIMAL SOLUTIONS • IMPLEMENT IMPROVEMENTS (eg SURFACE WATER COLLECTION FROM RUNWAY) • IMPROVE WATER QUALITY MONITORING PROGRAMS Tuvalu Case Study 7/17/2015 13