Transcript Slide 1
U.S. Commercial Space Presented to Association of Space Explorers by Jim Voss Why Commercial Space? It is US National Space Exploration Policy – Vision for Space Exploration, Jan 2004: The United States will Promote… commercial participation in exploration… to further U.S. scientific, security, and economic interests. – NASA Authorization Act of 2005: The Administrator... shall develop a commercialization plan to support the human missions to the Moon and Mars, to support lowEarth orbit activities… There are commercial markets, so money to be made Multiple Existing Markets • NASA cargo and crew to the International Space Station • U.S. national security needs • Personal spaceflight • Industrial-Corporate applications ISS Cargo Supply Strategy • NASA is developing an ISS Cargo Supply Strategy that uses a mixed fleet (ATV, HTV, Progresses and US domestic cargo service providers). • Strategy requires purchase of domestic delivery services as soon as available. • Purchase of Russian cargo delivery services will bridge the gap between Shuttle and the new US domestic cargo service providers. • NASA has initiated planning for commercial cargo services procurement NASA stated up-mass requirement for ISS lifetime re-supply by US domestic commercial services is approximately 80 metric tons ISS Cargo Requirements ISS continually assesses cargo upmass requirements Current assessment of upmass shortfall beyond baseline Shuttle, ATV, HTV, Progress capabilities to be met by US commercial services: 5 Commercial Orbital Transportation Services (COTS) The Commercial Crew & Cargo Program Office established to: – Implement U.S. Space Exploration policy with investments to stimulate the commercial space industry – Facilitate U.S. private industry demonstration of cargo and crew space transportation capabilities – Create a market environment in which commercial space transportation services are available to Government and private sector customers COTS Implementation $500M budgeted for the demonstration of commercial orbital transportation capabilities Technical Development/Demonstration competition in 2006 – includes an option for crew transportation demonstrations Planning initiated within NASA for procurement of ISS commercial cargo services by 2010 COTS Participants Received 21 proposals from 20 companies across the full spectrum of industry Down selected to 6 finalists – 2 selected for funding – – – – – – Andrews Space SpaceDev SPACEHAB Transformational Space Corp. (t/Space) Space Exploration Technologies (SpaceX) - Funded Rocketplane Kistler (RpK) - Funded Other Partnerships Non-funded Space Act Agreements provide NASA technical assistance to five companies : – – – – – Constellation Services International (CSI) PlanetSpace SpaceDev SPACEHAB Transformational Space Corp (t/Space) COTS Flight Demonstrations 2008 2009 2010 2011 Cargo Demo Flight 1 (Sep) 2012 Crew Demo Flight 1 (Jun) Cargo Demo Flight 2 (Jun) Crew Demo Flight 2 (Dec) Cargo Demo Flight 3 to ISS (Sep) Pre Demo Flight 1 Risk Reduction Flight (Nov) Crew Demo Flight 3 (Apr) Crew Demo Flight (Aug) Cargo Demo Flight 1 to ISS (Jan) Cargo Demo Flight 2 to ISS (Mar) Funded Milestone Optional Milestone 10 SpaceX Concept Description: Falcon 9 Launch Vehicle Dragon Crew/Cargo Spacecraft Proposed Features: Flexible crew and cargo configurations Recoverable launch vehicle and spacecraft ISS cargo delivery & return demonstration planned for completion by September 2009 NASA Investment: $278 M 11 SpaceX Milestone Highlights FY06 Program Management Plan/Kickoff Completed FY07 System Requirements ReviewsCompleted Preliminary Design Review Completed Financing Round Completed Critical Design Review FY08 Financing Round System/Design/Test/Readiness Reviews Orbital Test Flight 1 FY09 Delta System/Design/Test/Readiness Reviews Orbital Test Flight 2 Orbital Demonstration Mission to ISS 12 Rocketplane Kistler Concept Description: K-1 Launch Vehicle Orbital Vehicle Pressurized/Unpressurized Cargo/Crew Modules Proposed Features: Reusable launch and orbital vehicles that return to launch site Modular crew and cargo configurations Demonstration planned for completion by March 2009 NASA Investment $207 M 13 RpK Milestone Highlights FY06 Program Management Plan/Kickoff Completed Financing Round Completed FY07 System Requirements Review Completed Financing Round - Failed Critical Design Reviews FY08 Engine Test Firing System/Design/Test/Readiness Reviews Launch Vehicle Complete/Ship Certification of Flight Readiness FY09 Risk Reduction Orbital Test Flight Orbital Demonstration Mission to ISS (internal/pressurized) Orbital Demonstration Mission to ISS (external/unpressurized) 14 CSI Concept CSI cargo canister launched to orbit by variety of launch vehicles Russian Progress vehicle acts as tug to retrieve cargo canister and dock with ISS 15 PlanetSpace Concept ELV rocket based on legacy V-2 engines USAF FDL-7 based lifting body spacecraft 16 SpaceDev Concept Reusable - Piloted Lifting Body Derived from NASA HL-20 Low Re-Entry Deceleration Loads (< 1.5 g) Large Cross Range (1600 km) Conventional runway landing Exceptional Crew Safety: (Non-explosive space vehicle propulsion) Onboard hybrid propulsion & high lift provide flexible abort options HL Titan III Orbital Hybrid Booster Atlas V Booster Ares Booster + Hybrid 17 SPACEHAB Concept ARCTUS Evolved Transfer Vehicle assembled from existing flight certified components (Centaur Upper Stage) Compatible with existing launch vehicles 18 t/Space Concept Air launched booster uses vapor pressurization Piloted capsule Exceptional crew safety via air launch and Discoverer/Corona capsule Separately launched cargo module Very low cost solution 19 Future US Commercial spaceflight continues to develop NASA will solicit replacement for Rpk Suborbital tourism providers are viable There is a market for high cost cargo – NASA will solicit for commercial services to ISS – Existing and developing launch systems support this There is a market for low cost cargo – Existing launch systems do not support this – Technology improvements required