Transcript Lung Cancer - Newcastle University

Lung Cancer
Lung Cancer Incidence
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1950s Male/Female ratio 6:1, this is now 7:5. (decreasing
male smoking rates, increasing female smoking rates).
Approximately 23,000 men and 15,000 women diagnosed with
disease per year
2nd most common cancer in men (after prostate) 3rd in women
(after breast and bowel)
UK: Between 1995 and 2004 ,male lung cancer prevalence
decreased by 23%.
Same 10 year period so almost no change in female rates.
Males and Females combined: a reduction of incidence rates
of 16%
13% of all new cases of cancer are lung cancers
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UK: 5 year survival (diagnosis during
1999 – 2003) was 6.5% in men and
7.6% in women.
This is NOT significantly better than for
patients diagnosed a decade or so
earlier.
Causes of Lung Cancer
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SMOKING! Over 80% (Association for
international Cancer Research) or 9 out of
10 (Cancer Research UK) are caused by
smoking (passive included)
Exposure to industrial carcinogens and air
pollution, scarring from previous lung
disease, family history and past cancer
treatment.
Length of time smoking – as soon as you
stop your risk goes down
Second hand smoke: double your risk
Symptoms
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Difficulty breathing
Coughing up blood
Chest pain
Loss of appetite
Weight loss
Fatigue
Having a cough most of the time
A change in a cough you have had for a long time
Short of breath
Ache or pain when breathing or coughing
Types of lung cancer
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Small Cell Lung Cancers (SCLC)
Non-Small Cell Lung Cancers
(NSCLC) –Squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma and – large cell
carcinoma
Ethnicity
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UK: South Asians have a lower incidence of lung
cancer than non-South Asians but increasing
incidence has been reported amongst South Asian
men (in contrast to the rest of UK male population
where incidence is declining)
South Asian Women also have increasing lung
cancer trends but this is in line with the rest of UK
female population.
USA: lung cancer rates in black population are
higher for both males and females compared with
white population.
Socio-Economic Status
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Incidence and Mortality rates – strongly
associated with deprivation.
1993 England and Wales: Incidence 2.5
times higher in most deprived males
compared to least deprived males – women
difference was greater than 3 times.
2004 gap between most deprived and most
affluent – 50% (down from 200% in 1981).
Lung cancer incidence has increased in
more affluent women than deprived women
between 1981 and 2004
Age
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Risk increases with age.
UK: 8 out of 10 cases occur in people
aged 60+
Regional Differences
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UK: clear north/south divide.
High lung cancer rates in Scotland and
Northern England.
Scottish men and women have among
highest rates in world reflecting the country’s
history of high smoking prevalence
Incidence rates in Scotland particularly high
in densely populated belt from Glasgow in
the west to Edinburgh in the east.
Higher rates in urban areas.
Around the World
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Highest rates of lung cancer in women – N.
America and Northern Europe
Highest rate of lung cancer in men –
Europe, especially central and eastern
Europe and N. America.
In Europe – highest male rates are Hungary
and Poland – Lowest in Sweden and Malta.
Lowest incidence rates in men and women
are found in African and Asian countries.
Data Sources
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Easily accessible
Regularly Updates
Lots of info. On UK and World
Easy to use without knowing fully how
accurate/representative they are
Differences in recording systems (especially
important when comparing countries), may define
key terms or key criteria differently affecting the
results.
Do we really know how data is collected and what
its original purpose was?
Data Sources
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http://www.aicr.org.uk/lungcancerfaqs.stm?s
ource=Adwords
http://www.statistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp?i
d=1657
http://www.cancerhelp.org.uk/help/default.as
p?page=2962
http://info.cancerresearchuk.org/cancerstats/
types/lung/incidence/,
http://info.cancerresearchuk.org/cancerstats/
types/lung/