Iridium NEXT Partnership for Earth Observation Exploiting Global LEO Constellation for New Remote Sensing Capabilities

Dr. Om P. Gupta Iridium Satellite LLC 20th August 2008

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Iridium Background

    Headquarters - Bethesda, MD Commercial Operations  Single Commercial Gateway in Tempe, AZ  Connects All Commercial Traffic With the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN)  Operated by Iridium Personnel DoD Gateway in Hawaii  Performs Similar Function for USG Users Satellite Network Operations Center (SNOC)   Main Facility in Leesburg, VA Technical Support Center (TSC) in Chandler, AZ  Back-up Operations Center (BOC) Facility in Chandler, AZ  TTAC Sites Yellowknife, Canada, Iqaluit, Canada Chandler, Arizona, Fairbanks, Alaska Svalbard, Norway Headquarters - Bethesda, MD Gateway – Tempe AZ

June 1990

May 1997

November 1998 August 1999 December 2000 March 2001 February / June 2002 June 2008

Corporate History Iridium project announced. Plans call for 77 LEO satellites for an estimated project cost of $3.4 billion The first 5 of 66 Iridium satellites were successfully launched Initial service launched Iridium LLC filed for bankruptcy Iridium Satellite LLC was formed following the acquisition of the operating assets of Iridium LLC Purchased Iridium LLC’s satellite constellation, terrestrial network, real property and intellectual property Commercial service re-introduced with dramatically reduced cost structure After emerging from bankruptcy, Iridium Satellite LLC launched 5 spare satellites in February 2002 and 2 additional spare satellites in June 2002 Iridium Satellite LLC served almost 240k Commercial subscribers up from zero in 2000 and over 30k U.S. DoD subscribers

Iridium - Fastest Growing MSS provider

     Fastest growing Mobile Satellite Service (MSS) player in a growing market – MSS market growing at 14% annually Strong and consistent financial performance – Revenue and EBITDA growth through innovation and execution FY 2007 revenue - $260 M versus $212 M in 2006, a 23 % increase FY 2007 EBITDA - $73.6 versus $53.8 M in 2006, a 37 % increase First half of 2008 has seen continued growth and acceleration of business – 280,000 subscribers at the end of Q2, 08 • 38% higher than Q2, 07

Globalstar 9% MSV 3% Orbcomm 3% Thuraya 13% Inmarsat 49% Iridium 23% Total 2007 Revenues: $1.1 billion

Source: Euroconsult 2007 Revenue estimate

Total MSS Market Share 2007

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Global Network Providing Unique Capabilities

4   World’s largest and most sophisticated commercial network of 66 Low Earth Orbit (LEO) polar orbiting satellites with inter-satellite links – Low time latency worldwide – – High availability and built-in redundancy Cross linked network in space Global ubiquitous coverage – pole to pole, a ll oceans & land masses any terrain including polar routes

Iridium NEXT – Our Second Generation

5     Iridium has begun plans to replace current constellation  Launches to begin around 2013  Maintain unique attributes – 66 satellite LEO architecture, inter-satellite links, global coverage, security, availability Backward compatible for existing customers Leveraging improved data speeds, subscriber technology, core technology improvements in batteries, processors, solar cells to provide a design to cost solution with enhanced services Platform for globally interconnected secondary payloads       New Enhanced Services Flexible allocation of bandwidth Voice 4.8 Kbps Data services (9.6 Kbps to 1 Mbps) Broadcast and Netted services Transportable Ka Band; up to 10 Mbps service Private Network Gateways

NEXT offers new high performance global services; Exciting new communications platform for space applications

New Opportunity for Earth Observations

    Unique opportunity to host 66 Earth observation payloads on Iridium constellation in a manner that can revolutionize earth observation Unprecedented

spatial and temporal coverage Real-time

using a constellation approach data for now-casting and disaster early warning Initial analysis by JPL, ESA and others has shown that a significant number of priority climate missions for monitoring global climate and environmental change can be flown on the Iridium NEXT constellation Opportunity to carry sensor missions that may provide data for 10- 15 years – NEXT Launches begin in 2013 with operational life beyond 2030 including spare launches Public-Private Partnership - sharing of infrastructure with commercial systems offers potential to augment the current and planned GEOSS programs in a cost effective way Majority of infrastructure satellites and launch funded by commercial venture Majority of on-going operations funded by commercial business Share real-time communications backbone ground segment

Cost effective

- < 20% the cost of dedicated science missions

Earth Observation community can get unprecedented data capability without a traditional space segment procurement

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NEXT Constellation General Information

System Specifications

Constellation : Orbit: Inclination: Pointing / knowledge: Period: Launch: Satellite Design Life: Mission Life: Risk Mitigation: spares 66 Satellites in 6 planes of 11 Polar at 780 km 86.4

o 0.10

o accuracy (Design goal) 100.5 minutes per orbit 2013 – 2016 10 years (Design goal) 15 years to beyond 2030 6 in-orbit spares, additional ground   Autonomous initialization / earth capture / deployment sequence SV capable of 48 hour unattended operation 7

NEXT Secondary Payload Parameters

Preliminary Secondary Payload Sensors Specifications

Missions: Payload Weight: Payload Dimension: Payload Power: Payload Data Rate: Single or multiple mixed missions 50 kg 30 x 40 x 70 cm 50 W average (200 W peak) <1 Mbps 8    Two way data communications through constellation to sensor for command and control and telemetry purposes Iridium will manage SV slot location and position planning to support secondary mission as best as possible Detailed secondary payload interface and concept of operations to be developed in 2008 with the input of the secondary payload partners

Revolution in EO Operations

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Other satellites to use NEXT communications backbone 66 Satellites

A unique opportunity for:

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66 (+ 6 in-orbit + 6 hanger spares) EO payloads

(Current EO total = 138) 

15 year mission life

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Cost effective

(v. 5 years or less for many missions) (Iridium needs to pay for satellites & launch anyway) 

Unprecedented spatial and temporal coverage

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Synoptic ground-truth & observation

(Now-casting) (Surface TX/RX to observing sat.)

NEXT Earth Observation Missions

     Early analysis by JPL, GEO and ESA recommended several missions be assessed – JPL analysis assessed fit with NRC Decadal Survey recommendations Sensor selection fully exploits a constellation approach to Earth Observation Sensor selection maximizes capability with synergistic set of sensors Sensor sets do not duplicate existing or planned missions, but augmented data sets obtained from those missions GEO working groups have been formed: CNES, and South Africa DST are evaluating options in more detail Sensor Altimeter GPS Occultation Optical Imager Radiometer Quantity 24 12-66 6 24 Measured Parameters Wave height & wind speed; mean sea level; ice height Atmospheric water vapor content & temperature profile Ocean color & land imaging Earth radiation budget (energy source for climate)

Combinations of Multiple Secondary Payloads

 Flying GPSRO (24 off) allows for a second payload to be carried in addition to GPSRO: – – – – Cloud Wind Vector Monitor – 12 to 24 off ( e.g. Boreas for Polar wind monitoring) Atmospheric Chemistry (limb or nadir) – 6 off Gamma radiation from space (zenith) – 6 off Land imagers (set up specifically) – 6 off  Space Weather Predictions - GPSRO in combination with Plasma Drift Meters enables coronal mass ejection imagery 11

NEXT Earth Observation Ground Segment

    The mesh architecture of Iridium network enables near-real time collection and transmission of this data to the NEXT Earth Observation Ground segment Iridium ground segment consists of satellite operations sites, gateways for business operations, TT&C sites, and a network of remote earth station terminals Data will be collected at the Iridium gateways and transmitted in to agency servers for further processing and dissemination – A dedicated NEXT EO server can be hosted at the Iridium gateway Agencies will also be able to send a minimum set of commands using the feeder links

Iridium NEXT ground infrastructure to collect data from the constellation Secure, real-time data routing to processing infrastructure

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Iridium NEXT Infrastructure EO Ground Segment

EO Data Collection Data processing, management and distribution

LEVEL 0 LEVEL1 LEVEL 2 &3

Iridium Gateway Switch Iridium Satellite Network Iridium EO Data Interface • •

IP Socket Data circuit

Ground Segment Infrastructure End Users

Costs - Perspective v Other Missions

   Study performed by Futron Corporation looking at economics of heritage mission compared to a hosted payload approach Evaluated 13 missions, publicly available costs of build, deployment, operations Compared mission cost per sensor per year 13 Annual Sensor Mission Cost $24 $23 $22 $21 $20 $19 $8 $7 $6 $5 $4 $3 $2 $1 $0 $18 $17 $16 $15 $14 $13 $12 $11 $10 $9 Me tO p-A Average Avg Iridium NEXT 50 Kg Payload Atmospheric Chemistry Au ra ERS -2 GPS Occultation CO SMIC CLA RRE O Multi-spectral Imager Me tO p-A Ea rth O bs erv ing -1 ENV IS AT 1 Radar Altimeter ERS -2

Conventional Cost

Jas on -1 Aq ua

5-20% cost of conventional missions

Radiometer a Terr TRMM

NEXT Shared Cost

Costs - Iridium and Hosting Public Private Partnership

  Guests benefits from Iridium’s $6.1B total investment in communications system – – – NEXT constellation capital 2008-1016 ($2.7B) Operating expense between 2014-2030 ($2.4B) Sustaining capital and spares 2010-2030 ($1.0B) Iridium benefits by gaining customer that offsets infrastructure and operating cost

Iridium

NEXT system design, build and launch Sensor integration support Satellite operations Ground segment and communications

NEXT Communications Infrastructure $6.1B

Secondary Payload Hosting Cost Payload dependent Guests

Sensor selection Sensors build and integration Data processing, calibration Data dissemination

Secondary Payload Operations Cost $0.5M - $1M per year Sensors Integration & test Payload dependent Iridium makes majority of infrastructure investment; Guest offsets this with a “data buy”; Enables comprehensive data set through 2030 and beyond

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PPP Management Approach

  Under the Public Private Partnership, the mission responsibilities can be allocated between customer, the science community, and Iridium as described below Iridium is open to other approaches also Responsibility Mission design and planning. Instrument design, procurement, build, and integration into satellite Party Customer Design, procurement, build, launch and operations of the Iridium satellite constellation and ground segment Instrument hosting and purchase of data Iridium Satellite operations, maintenance and data delivery to data management interface Data calibration, processing and distribution to the appropriate users Vehicle Contract to sensor manufacturer, program management; integration to prime/Iridium Contract from Iridium to satellite prime Customer Iridium Contract to Iridium as pre-buy of data services Contract to Iridium for operations support Data users Contract to data processing party

MISSION CONCENSUS & ACTIVITY

        

10/09/06 Trident suggests EO to Iridium. Trident review to Iridium in 03/07 suggests 6 payloads with HERITAGE INSTRUMENTATION OF PRIME IMPORTANCE 01/2007 GEO involvement - top down politics e.g. 11/2007 GEO IV Ministerial Summit in Cape Town 20/06/07 ESA : “ System Aspects of EO Payloads on the Iridium Constellation” Based on the Position Papers (all published in 2006) 09/09/07 JPL/NASA : Review agrees with ESA 06/06/08 CNES: Support in Space News in June.

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2007/08 NOAA: Strong support with internal working groups and through Offices of Commerce, Science & Technology Policy, Management and Budget.

05/08/08 NOAA RFQ issued (next slide) 2007 EUMETSAT carried out a internal review 22/01/08 Bottom up: e.g. Royal Society meeting in January 2008 discussed the science of the proposed missions (proceedings on www.iridium.com) 05/2008 GEO in Geneva: USA, Norway, Spain, Canada, France, South Africa, Sweden met Called for Climate Change Mission Review to report: 13/10/08 Altimetry Mission (CNES) Ocean Colour (ACRI) ERB (Imperial College, RAL) GPSRO (JPL)

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Program Milestones

  The milestones below identify the key decision points for integrating secondary payloads into the NEXT constellation Iridium recommends that earth observation customers create a program plan with Iridium that focuses efforts on near term activities: – To define mission priorities, details, funding and acquisition model – – Protect the option of flying secondary payloads on NEXT Ensure that overall secondary payload program synchs with NEXT procurement time line

Milestone

Feasibility study for mission definition, cost modeling, sensor selection, acquisition strategy and planning Commitment to initiate program Iridium finalize specification and contract for satellite constellation Initiate procurement (instrument, hosting) Sensor integration First satellite launch, data flow begins Full mission operations

Period

Q3 2008 Dec 2008 Q1 2009 Mar 2009 Jan 2012 2013 2016-2030

EO SENSOR DEVELOPMENTS

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Iridium already has reduced short list of NEXT Primes to two Thales-Alenia & Lockheed-Martin. Briefed on secondary payload.

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Summary of technical challenges from ESA and JPL Altimeter: Radiometer: Imager: Occultation: Moderate development of Ku sensor from Thales-Alenia Minor adaptations; GERB type sensor from RAL; CERES from UCAR Moderate developments: Likely to be a version of MERIS from Thales and DST in South Africa Minor adaptations; ROSA from Thales-Alenia GPSRO from SAAB Space; Blackjack from Broadreach All satellites will have the capability of carrying RO.

Under Assessment :Threshold; Breakthrough; Objective observations Accuracy; Spatial & Temporal resolution; Data Delay

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GPS Radio Occultation

Sounding of atmospheric humidity & temperature; Electron content of ionosphere & density profiles

Description: Number: Swath:

Time scales:

GPS receivers; Limb antennas Min 12 sensors, 2 in each plane Limb viewing; 800 soundings each per day

<<1 hr 1 hr 1 week 1 year 10 year Tracking extreme weather events Weather now-casting Weather forecasting Seasonal variations Climate variability; hydrologic cycle 19

Earth Radiation Budget

Measuring the Earth’s radiation budget

Description: Number: Swath:~2000 km Broadband radiometer; 0.2 to 50 um Up to 18 sensors, 3 in each plane

Time scales: <1 hr 1 hr 1 day 1 week 1 year 10 year >10 year Data into weather forecasts Monitoring of heat waves Day-night variation in radiative fluxes Improved forecasting Seasonal variations in ice and cloud albedo Inter-annual variations Key parameter to monitor and predict global climate change

Radio Altimeters

Monitoring sea-surface height, wave height, wind speed; ice height

Description: Radar altimeter; Ka (or Ku) band Number: Up to 24 sensors, 4 in each plane Swath:5-10 km, nadir pointing

Time scales: <<1 hr 1 hr 1 day 1 month 1 year 10 year >10 year Tsunami early warning; flood & wave now-casting Sea surface & significant wave height, wind speed; storm surges Tides, currents and eddies Lunar cycles; El Ni ño events; hydrology Ocean circulation patterns Inter-annual variations and changes Prediction of sea level rise & changes in circulation

Ocean Imagers

For ocean color and ice extent

Description: Number: Swath: Spectral range dedicated or multi-spectral; UV-VIS-IR Minimum of 12 sensors, 2 in each plane 80 to 240 km; 30 to 100m resolution

Time scales:

Ocean color (OC):

1 day 1 year

Terrestrial:

Coastal diurnal variation; marine operations & fisheries Seasonal changes (N & S hemisphere) 1 day 1 year

Ice:

1 day 1 year Disaster remediation; wildfires Deforestation; desertification; crops Ice extent Seasonal and inter-annual changes in fields 22

Ocean Imagers

For ocean color and ice extent

Description: Number: Swath: Spectral range dedicated or multi-spectral; UV-VIS-IR Minimum of 12 sensors, 2 in each plane 80 to 240 km; 30 to 100m resolution

Time scales:

Ocean color (OC):

1 day 1 year

Terrestrial:

Coastal diurnal variation; marine operations & fisheries Seasonal changes (N & S hemisphere) 1 day 1 year

Ice:

1 day 1 year Disaster remediation; wildfires Deforestation; desertification; crops Ice extent Seasonal and inter-annual changes in fields 23

Multiple Mission Sensors

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What will this do for you?

Summary

     A unique opportunity has been identified to host up to 66 climate instruments on the Iridium NEXT LEO constellation Launches start in 2013 and the constellation operational life will extend beyond 2030 The opportunity is proposed as a Public-Private Partnership (PPP) allowing for the sharing of infrastructure with commercial communications satellites in a cost effective way Several pricing and acquisition models developed that can significantly reduce the total life cycle costs for hosting a climate sensor Iridium recommends immediate interaction with potential customers. Please contact us. Contact information is included on the next slide

Iridium is committed to work expeditiously with potential secondary payload customers to make this once in a lifetime opportunity a reality!

Contact Information

Dr. Om P Gupta Director, Strategic Market Development Iridium NEXT Iridium Satellite LLC 6707 Democracy Blvd., Suite 300 Bethesda, MD 20817, USA T: +1 301-571-6229 F: +1 301-571-6250 M:+1 443-812-9724 Email: [email protected]

Web: www.Iridium.com

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