Nutritional Deficiency Diseases.ppt - Pendleton
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Transcript Nutritional Deficiency Diseases.ppt - Pendleton
Nutritional Deficiency
Diseases
Nutritional Diseases
Malnutrition: Lack of essential nutrients; ie
vitamins, minerals, amino acids
Undernourishment: Lack of food energy (calories).
WHO estimates that half of the world’s population is
malnourished in some form
Can you be overnourished and malnourished at the
same time?
Diseases of Malnourishment
Marasmus: progressive emaciation due to lack of protein &
calories preventing growth.
Kwashiorkor: lack of protein in diet, leading to failure of
neural development.
Cause of 49% of the 10.4 million deaths occurring in children younger
than 5 years in developing countries.
“the sickness the older child gets when the next baby is born”
Characterized by bloated belly
Chronic hunger: enough food to stay alive, but not be
productive
Child w/Marasmus
Child
w/Kwashiorkor
Noma, Cancrum oris
• Cause: under/malnutrition
• Problem: secondary infection;
mucous membranes become
inflamed and develop ulcers, often
in the mouth
Anemia
Cause: iron deficiency, decrease in the
number of RBCs
Problem: fatigue, irritability, shortness of
breath, constant headache
Beriberi
Cause: lack of vitamin B1 (thiamine)
Problem: heart and nervous system
damage, muscle wasting, brain
damage
Cretinism & Goiter
Cretinism
Goiter
Causes: lack of iodine
during pregnancy
Causes: lack of iodine
Problem: physical &
mental retardation,
stunted growth
Problem: deafness,
fatigue, weight gain,
enlarged thyroid
Pellagra
Cause: lack of niacin
Problem: dermatitis, weakness,
intestinal distress, neurologic
manifestations, organ failure
Osteoporosis
Cause: lack of calcium and/or
vitamin D (prevents absorption of
calcium)
Problem: weak bones, fractures,
decrease bone density
Rickets
Cause: lack of vitamin D
Problem: softening and
weakening of bones from release
of calcium from bones
Scurvy
Cause: lack of vitamin C
Problem: irritability, swelling and
hemorrhage especially over long
bones, death from hemorrhage and
cardiac failure
Xerophthalmia
Cause: vitamin A deficiency
Problem: blindness
Zinc deficiency
Cause: diet deficient in zinc
Problem: poor wound healing,
bone deformities, dwarfism,
hyperpigmentation, fetal
abnormalities, immune system
failure