Transcript Slide 1

The RFP IEA implementing agreement
and its perspectives
Piero Martin
Consorzio RFX, Padova
14th Workshop of the IEA Implementing Agreement on RFP research
Padova, 26-28 April, 2010
A volcano can be fun….if its quite
jumping down from Etna top
RFP airlines
RFP workshop Padova
RFX
Implementing
Agreement
What is IEA ?
www.iea.org
Implementing Agreements: legal contracts
Ensuring energy security and addressing climate change issues in a
cost-effective way are the main challenges of energy policies and in the
longer term will be solved only through technology cooperation.
To encourage collaborative efforts to meet these energy challenges, the
IEA created a legal contract – Implementing Agreement – and a
system of standard rules and regulations.
This allows interested member and non-member governments or
other organisations to pool resources and to foster the research,
development and deployment of particular technologies
Existing Implementing Agreements
Advanced Fuel Cells
Advanced Materials for Transportation
Advanced Motor Fuels
Bioenergy
Buildings and Community Systems
(ECBCS)
Demand-Side Management
Clean Coal Sciences
Climate Technology Initiative (CTI)
Efficient Electrical End-Use Equipment Electricity Networks Analysis,
Research & Development (ENARD)
Energy Storage
Energy Technology Data Exchange
(ETDE)
Enhanced Oil Recovery
Environmental, Safety and Economic
Aspects of Fusion Power
Fusion Materials
Geothermal
Heat Pumping Technologies
District Heating and Cooling, including
the Integration of Combined Heat and
Power
Emissions Reduction in Combustion
Energy Technology Systems Analysis
Programme (ETSAP)
Fluidized Bed Conversion
Greenhouse Gas RD Programme
High-Temperature Superconductivity
(HTS) on the Electric Power Sector
Hydropower
Hybrid and Electric Vehicles
Large Tokamaks
Multiphase Flow Sciences
Ocean Energy Systems
Photovoltaic Power Systems
Reversed Field Pinches
Solar Heating and Cooling
Renewable Energy Technology
Deployment
SolarPACES
Stellarator-Heliotron Concept
Tokomaks with Poloidal Field Divertors Wind Energy Systems
Hydrogen
Industrial Energy-Related
Technologies and Systems
Nuclear Technology of Fusion
Reactors
Plasma Wall Interaction in TEXTOR
IEA Clean Coal Centre
Spherical Tori
Fusion implementing agreements
Environmental, Safety and Economic Aspects of Fusion Power
Fusion Materials
Large Tokamaks
Nuclear Technology of Fusion Reactors
Plasma Wall Interaction in TEXTOR
Reversed Field Pinches
Spherical Tori
Stellarator Concept
Three Contracting Parties signed the IEA Implementing Agreement for a
programme of research and development on Reversed Field Pinches in 1990:
• the US Department of Energy, Euratom and the Government of Japan.
The IA Executive Committee
US Department of Energy
– J. Sarff, TV George
Government of Japan
– A. Komori, S. Masamune
Euratom
– R. Giannella, P. Martin
Continuity in the ExCo leadership
Continuity in the ExCo leadership
Recent renewal of the Implementing Agreement
In the past twenty years the Implementing Agreement has played a key
role in boosting RFP research though the coordination of international
research and the promotion of cooperation in RFP experiments and
theory.
The IA terms is 5 years, and the previous one expired in April 2010.
The IA Executive Committee decided to ask for a 5 years renewal
(2010-2015).
The case was made and defended in front of the two relevant bodies:
– IEA Fusion Power Coordinating Committee (FPCC), Paris, February 23-24, 2010
– IEA Committee on Energy Research and Technology (CERT), Paris, March 4, 2010
Recommendations for renewal
The IA has been renewed: thanks to all of you!
We, the players
A dynamic and well-integrated community
Stockholm
Madison
Padova
RFX-mod
Kyoto
EXTRAP T2R
RELAX
MST
Welcome to USTC Hefei
We welcome the colleagues from the:
Established in 1958, USTC has 1,163 fulltime teachers and 360 researchers,
among whom 28 are academicians of the
Chinese Academy of Sciences or Chinese
Academy of Engineering (CAE)
Of its 15,000 plus students, over 2,400 are
doctoral students, over 5,800 are master's
students, and more than 7,400 are
undergraduate students
The RFP: a tight link with University
(all experiments in University environment)
and a nursery for the fusion community
Operational space
Non-axisymmetric shaping (three-dimensional)
TOKAMAK
increasing |B|
STELLARATOR
Operational space
Non-axisymmetric shaping (three-dimensional)
TOKAMAK
increasing |B|
STELLARATOR
Reversed Field Pinch
RFP
Unique role of RFP
The Reversed Field Pinch has a unique role in bridging
knowledge between the tokamak and the stellarator
Non-axisymmetric shaping (three-dimensional)
TOKAMAK
increasing |B|
STELLARATOR
Reversed Field Pinch
RFP
Two successful
research stories
Two successful research
stories:
- improving confinement
Maximum confinement and beta to date in MST.
Maximum Confinement
Maximum Beta

0.2
n
/
n
MA

1.2
I

0.5
n
/
n

MA,
0.13 I
p
G
p
G


12


10
m
%
s,
E
Te


~
6 
ms,

26
%
E
p
Mercier

p

measured
Ti
(C+6)
B(a) < 0.25 T

(PPCD with pellet injection)
MST, Chapman et al., 2008
Improved confinement is comparable to that expected for a
tokamak of the same size and current.
• Use same Ip, n, Pheat, size, shape to define a tokamak reference.
• | B | is 10 times smaller in the RFP compared this way.
Does not imply
tokamak scaling
applies to the RFP.
At high current plasma
spontaneously selforganizes in a helical state
(m=1, n= -7)
Helical equilibria come with
electron transport barriers
m = 1 amplitude (a.u.)
Characteristic phenomena in shallow-reversal region
Helical structure observed with high-speed camera in RELAX
Toroidal mode number
NOTE: Recent observation shows clear
toroidal rotation of the simple helix
n=4
Two successful research
stories:
- improving confinement
- controlling stability
Full stabilization of multiple RWMs in EXTRAP T2R
Intelligent shell feedback with 4x32
coils (full array)
black: Ref shot w/o fb
blue: P-control GP=2.0
red: PID-control GP=10, GI=1.3x102 s-1,
GD=3.3x10-3 s
With fb gain G=2,
 main RWMs (-11,-10,-8,+5,+6) suppressed
 n=+2 FE mode not fully suppressed
 pulse duration more than twice
With fb gain G=10 (and PID-control):
 suppression of n=+2 FE mode is achieved
 pulse prolonged further
 m=1 rms value is fully suppressed
Active control of a (2,1) mode in a ramped tokamak with
qedge ≈ 2
Follows an idea realized in DIII-D on a proposal by In, Okabayashi, et al (with RFX participation)
Okabayashi et al., paper EX/P9-5 2008 IAEA FEC, Geneva
current
w/o active control
(2,1) amplitude
qedge
SXR
Active control of a (2,1) mode in a ramped
tokamak with qedge ≈ 2
Follows an idea realized in DIII-D on a proposal by In, Okabayashi, et al (with RFX participation)
Okabayashi et al., paper EX/P9-5 2008 IAEA FEC, Geneva
current
w/o active control
w/ active control
(2,1) amplitude
qedge
SXR
A growing and productive community
The RFP community has obtained in the last decade a large number of
achievements in terms of:
– Scientific excellence;
– Performance of its devices;
– Understanding and advancing the RFP as a fusion player;
– Education and training;
– Ability of interacting with the broader fusion community, talking the
same language and contributing to the investigation of key issues
for tokamak and stellarator, and for ITER and attracting fusion
scientists to work on the RFP;
– Ability of sharing resources with the broader plasma community;
– Communication and recognition;
– Growth of the groups
Advancing RFP, with full integration in the
international fusion effort
Impressive improvement in confinement (and in its understanding),
with (among others):
– discovery of the new helical state and
– proof of principle experiments like PPCD indicating the possibility of healing
magnetic turbulence driven transport;
MHD stability feedback control:
– leading-edge contribution to the tokamak, joint experiments with AUG, DIIID, JT-60SA, ITER relevant projects;
Magnetic self-organization:
– leading role in the US NSF Centre for Magnetic Self Organization,
collaboration with astrophysics;
Three-dimensional physics, starting a positive interaction with the
stellarator community to bridge gaps and build a common knowledge
basis
– (KIT experiments on LHD, stellarator scientists @this workshop, RFP
scientists at IEA stellarator workshop)
The workshop
Welcome to the
14th Implementing Agreement
Workshop 2010
About this workshop
3 days, 10 session, 49 talks, 1 round table
– MHD and its active control 1 & 2
– Transport 1 & 2
– Welcome to RFX
– MHD: tearing dynamic, self-organization and feedback control
– Three dimensional physics
– Fast Particles, heating and current drive
– Experiments in tokamak and stellarator and links with astrophysics
– Finals session: a look into the future
Thanks for your patience for the agenda changes.
Stay on time, please!
Thanks to those who are making the workshop working !
Our local scientific and organizing committee
The challenge
The Great Green Wall Projects
Two major projects on human forestation to help preserve our
environment:
– In 1978, China launched the Great Green Wall initiative, scheduled for
completion in 2050. The goal is tree coverage of about 42 percent of
China's landmass, with a “wall” of trees 4500 km long, mainly to hold back
the Gobi desert
– A wall of trees is under “construction” which will stretch from Senegal to
Djibouti as part of a plan to thwart the southward spread of the Sahara
desert (7000 km long).
In 2005 the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United
Nations, which monitors the state of the world's forests every few years,
reported that 13 million hectares of global forests are lost annually,
including 6 million hectares of what are described as primary
forests-some of the most biologically diverse ecological systems
in the world.
Bio-diversity is a value
Human planted trees can not substitute human made de-forestation
Human forestation is extremely important, but it is not enough. Mankind
can never replace the diversity provided by nature
Alternatives to help achieving fusion faster
Fusion is close, but there are still complex problems to be solved. We
need a joint international focused effort to make fusion a successful story.
Massive efforts are crucial and extremely important, but we should not forget
the lesson from nature: diversity is a big value.
The fusion community has a main line, the tokamak, where most of the
resources need to be concentrated, but alternatives like stellarator and RFP
are crucial to provide diverse approaches and explore different regions of
the parameter space, and to make the achievement of fusion faster.
Our challenge is to be dynamic and fruitful players in this diverse
fusion world.